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. 2020 Aug 5;18:409–418. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.07.010

Table 1.

Comprehensive Overview of Potential Molecular Tracers in Bladder Cancer

Tracer Type Compound Name Molecular Target Reporter Fluorophore Application Study Design Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%)
Antibodies CD47 antibody27 CD47 Qdot625 molecular imaging in vitro: fresh intact bladder specimen 82.9 90.5
CD47 antibody82 CD47 Alexa Fluor 790 molecular imaging in vitro: fresh bladder tumor specimen NA NA
CAIX antibody28 CAIX Qdot625 molecular imaging in vitro: fresh intact bladder specimen 88.00 93.75
CD47 antibody86 CD47 IR700 PIT in vitro: bladder tumor cell lines
in vivo: xenograft mouse model		 NA NA
panitumumab29 EGFR IR700 PIT in vitro: bladder tumor cell lines
in vivo: xenograft mouse model		 NA NA
panitumumab
trastuzumab30 		EGFR
HER-2		 IR700 PIT in vitro: bladder tumor cell lines
in vivo: xenograft mouse model		 NA NA
Peptides CSNRDARRC38 NA fluorescein molecular imaging in vitro: human bladder cancer tissue
in vivo: orthotopic mouse model		 NA NA
NYZL139 NA FITC molecular imaging in vitro: human bladder cancer tissue
in vivo: xenograft mouse model		 NA NA
PLSWT740 NA IRDye 800CW molecular imaging in vivo: fresh intact bladder specimen 84.0 86.7
PLZ441 NA Cy5.5 molecular imaging in vitro: bladder tumor cell lines
in vivo: xenograft mouse model		 NA NA
pHLIP42 NA ICG molecular imaging in vitro: fresh intact bladder specimen 97 100a

NA, not applicable; IR700, IRDye 700DX; PIT, photoimmunotherapy; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; ICG, indocyanine green.

a

If necrotic and previously chemotherapy tissues were considered as false positive, the specificity was reduced to 80%.