Table 1.
Demographic and preoperative data of the patients.
| Variables | Patients with PD (n = 137) |
|---|---|
| Age (y) | |
| mean ± SD | 56.8 ± 12.9 |
| (range) | (28–82) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 84 (61.3%) |
| Female | 53 (38.7%) |
| Bodyweight | |
| mean ± SD | 65 ± 17 |
| (range) | (59–105) |
| Co-morbidities | |
| DM | 59 (43.1%) |
| HTN and/or IHD | 42 (30.7%) |
| Associated HCV or HBV | 11 (8%) |
| Chest problem | 13 (9.5%) |
| History of smoking | |
| Yes | 62 (45.3%) |
| No | 75 (54.7%) |
| Main symptoms | |
| Jaundice | 112 (81.8%) |
| Itching | 46 (33.6%) |
| Loss of weight | 62 (45.3%) |
| Anorexia | 64 (46.7%) |
| Abdominal pain | 73 (53.3%) |
| Vomiting | 57 (41.6) |
| Preoperative total bilirubin (mg/dl) | |
| mean ± SD | 12.7 ± 5.4 |
| (range) | (2.1–29) |
| Albumin (g/dl) | |
| mean ± SD | 3.7 ± 0.6 |
| (range) | (3.2–5) |
| INR | |
| mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 0.4 |
| (range) | 0.9–1.5 |
| CA 19-9 (U/mL) | |
| mean ± SD | 512 ± 1247 |
| (range) | (4–5710) |
| CEA (U/mL) | |
| mean ± SD | 6.2 ± 15.3 |
| (range) | 1–125 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | |
| Yes | 58 (42.3%) |
| no | 79 (57.7%) |
PD (pancreaticoduodenectomy), DM (diabetes mellitus), HTN (hypertension), IHD (ischemic heart disease), HCV (hepatitis C virus), HBV (hepatitis B virus), INR (international normalized ratio), CA19.9 (carbohydrate antigen 19.9), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), SD (standard deviation).