Table 2.
Operative and pathological data.
| Variables | Patients with PD (n = 137) |
|---|---|
| Type of operation | |
| PPPD | 79 (57.7%) |
| Classic Whipple | 58 (42.3%) |
| Pancreatic texture | |
| Firm | 57 (41.6%) |
| Soft | 80 (58.4%) |
| Type of pancreatic reconstruction | |
| Pancreaticogastrostomy | 29 (21.2%) |
| Pancreaticojejunostomy | 108 (78.8%) |
|
40 (37%) |
|
68 (63%) |
| Pancreatic duct stent | |
| Yes | 46 (33.6%) |
| No | 91 (66.4%) |
| Vascular reconstruction | |
| Yes | 17 (12.4%) |
| No | 120 (87.6%) |
| Operative time (min) | |
| mean ± SD | 450 ± 70 |
| (range) | (280–560) |
| Operative blood loss | |
| mean ± SD | 900 ± 550 |
| (range) | (300–2200) |
| Blood transfusion (unit) | |
| mean ± SD | 1.5 ± 1 |
| (range) | (0–5) |
| Site of the tumor | |
| Pancreatic head | 90 (65.7%) |
| Ampullary | 31 (22.6%) |
| Lower CBD | 10 (7.3%) |
| Duodenum | 6 (4.4%) |
| Pathological maximum tumor diameter | |
| Mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 1.6 |
| (Range) | (1.4–9) |
| Tumor stage | |
| T1 | 12 (8.8%) |
| T2 | 57 (41.6%) |
| T3 | 52 (38%) |
| T4 | 16 (11.6%) |
| Tumor differentiation | |
| Well/moderate | 103 (75.2%) |
| Poor | 34 (24.8%) |
| Positive lymph node | |
| Yes | 58 (42.3%) |
| No | 79 (57.7%) |
| Number of LN dissection mean (range) | 5(2-24) |
| Number of LN infiltration mean (range) | 0(0-5) |
| LN ratio | |
| 0 | 79 (57.7%) |
| <0.2 | 18 (13.1%) |
| 0.2–0.4 | 26 (19%) |
| >0.4 | 14 (10.2%) |
| lymph vascular invasion | |
| Yes | 62 (45.3%) |
| No | 75 (54.7%) |
| Perineural invasion | |
| Yes | 51 (37.2%) |
| No | 86 (62.8%) |
| Positive surgical margin | |
| Yes | 13 (9.5%) |
| No | 124 (90.5%) |
PD (pancreaticoduodenectomy), PPPD (pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy), CBD (common bile duct), SD (standard deviation). LN (lymph nodes).