Table 4.
Univariate analysis for potential risk factors for survival.
| Variables | Number of Deaths in PD per cases observed | % of Deaths | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.11 | ||
| >60 | 31/51 | 60.8% | |
| ≤60 | 40/86 | 46.5% | |
| Gender | 0.71 | ||
| Male | 46/84 | 54.8% | |
| Female | 25/53 | 47.2% | |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| -DM | |||
| Yes | 28/59 | 47.5% | 0.57 |
| No | 43/78 | 55.1% | |
| -HTN/IHD | |||
| Yes | 28/42 | 66.7% | 0.02 |
| No | 43/95 | 45.3% | |
| Total bilirubin | 0.39 | ||
| >10 mg/dl | 31/53 | 58.5% | |
| ≤10 mg/dl | 40/84 | 47.6% | |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 0.95 | ||
| Yes | 30/57 | 52.6% | |
| No | 41/80 | 51.3% | |
| CA 19-9 (U/ml) | 0.04 | ||
| >400 | 27/41 | 65.9% | |
| ≤400 | 44/96 | 45.8% | |
| Pancreatic texture | 0.09 | ||
| soft | 32/70 | 45.7% | |
| Firm | 39/67 | 58.2% | |
| Type of pancreatic reconstruction | 0.26 | ||
| Pancreatico-gastrostomy | 12/29 | 41.4% | |
| Pancreatico-jejunostomy | 59/108 | 54.6% | |
| Vascular reconstruction | 0.07 | ||
| Yes | 12/17 | 70.6% | |
| No | 59/120 | 49.2% | |
| Operative time (min) | 0.48 | ||
| >420 | 43/79 | 54.4% | |
| ≤420 | 28/58 | 48.3% | |
| Operative blood loss (ml) | 0.17 | ||
| >1000 | 33/56 | 58.9% | |
| ≤1000 | 38/81 | 46.9% | |
| Blood transfusion | 0.09 | ||
| Yes | 30/49 | 61.2% | |
| no | 41/88 | 46.6% | |
| Postoperative pancreatic fistula | 0.68 | ||
| yes | 10/21 | 47.6% | |
| No | 61/116 | 52.6% | |
| Maximum tumor diameter (cm) | 0.001 | ||
| >3 | 41/57 | 71.9% | |
| ≤3 | 30/80 | 37.5% | |
| Tumor origin | 0.79 | ||
| Pancreatic head | 44/90 | 48.9% | |
| Ampullary | 18/31 | 58.1% | |
| Lower CBD | 6/10 | 60% | |
| Duodenum | 3/6 | 50% | |
| Tumor differentiation | 0.001 | ||
| Good/moderate | 43/103 | 41.7% | |
| Poor | 28/34 | 82.4% | |
| Resection margin | 0.67 | ||
| R0 | 65/124 | 52.4% | |
| R1 or R2 | 6/13 | 46.2% | |
| Positive lymph nodes | 0.04 | ||
| Yes | 36/58 | 62.1% | |
| No | 35/79 | 44.3% | |
| lymph vascular invasion | 0.05 | ||
| Yes | 38/62 | 61.3% | |
| No | 33/75 | 44% | |
| Perineural invasion | 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 36/51 | 70.6% | |
| No | 35/86 | 40.7% | |
PD (pancreaticoduodenectomy), DM (diabetes mellitus), HTN (hypertension), IHD (ischemic heart disease), CA19.9 (carbohydrate antigen 19.9), CBD (common bile duct), SD (standard deviation).