Table 1:
Descriptive Statistics by ICD Insertion and Chi-squared or Student’s t-test Results
| Variable | Characteristic | ICD (n = 1,442; 3.4%) | No ICD (n = 41,077; 96.6%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age at first dialysis (years), mean ± SD | 62.8 ± 12.5 | 66.4 ± 13.2 | < 0.0001 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Female | 563 (39.0) | 21,929 (53.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 879 (61.0) | 19,148 (46.6) | ||
| Race, n (%) | Black | 392 (27.2) | 13,484 (32.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Other | 67 (4.7) | 1,555 (3.8) | ||
| White | 983 (68.2) | 26,038 (63.4) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | Hispanic | 158 (11.0) | 4,771 (11.6) | 0.4431 |
| Non-Hispanic | 1,284 (89.0) | 36,306 (88.4) | ||
| Dialysis modality, n (%) | HD | 1,335 (92.6) | 38,266 (93.2) | 0.5692 |
| Unknown | 16 (1.1) | 484 (1.2) | ||
| PD | 91 (6.3) | 2,327 (5.7) | ||
| Access type, n (%) | Catheter | 797 (55.3) | 24,340 (59.3) | 0.0035 |
| Graft | 37 (2.6) | 1,246 (3.0) | ||
| Other/unknown | 455 (31.6) | 11,916 (29.0) | ||
| AVF | 153 (10.6) | 3,575 (8.7) | ||
| Clinical diagnosis | ||||
| CCI, mean ± SD | 5.3 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 2.5 | < 0.0001 | |
| Tobacco, n (%) | Yes | 220 (15.3) | 5,935 (14.5) | 0.3913 |
| No | 1,222 (84.7) | 35,142 (85.6) | ||
| Alcohol, n (%) | Yes | 32 (2.2) | 769 (1.9) | 0.3407 |
| No | 1,410 (97.8) | 40,308 (98.1) | ||
| Bacteremia, n (%) | Dx | 216 (15.0) | 3,771 (9.2) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 1,226 (85.0) | 37,306 (90.8) | ||
| Septicemia, n (%) | Dx | 610 (42.3) | 16,360 (39.8) | 0.0593 |
| No Dx | 832 (57.7) | 24,717 (60.2) | ||
| Hepatitis B, n (%) | Dx | 9 (0.6) | 302 (0.7) | 0.6266 |
| No Dx | 1,433 (99.4) | 40,775 (99.3) | ||
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | Dx | 55 (3.8) | 1,217 (3.0) | 0.0621 |
| No Dx | 1,387 (96.2) | 39,860 (97.0) | ||
| Cardiovascular event, n (%) | Dx | 559 (38.8) | 36,607 (89.1) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 883 (61.2) | 4,470 (10.9) | ||
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | Dx | 33 (2.3) | 932 (2.3) | 0.9609 |
| No Dx | 1,409 (97.7) | 40,145 (97.7) | ||
| ICD removal among those with an ICD, n (%) | Yes | 93 (6.4) | ||
| No | 1,349 (93.6) | |||
| Potential anticoagulation, n (%) | Yes | 158 (11.0) | 3,008 (7.3) | < 0.0001 |
| No | 1,284 (89.0) | 38,069 (92.7) | ||
| Mortality, n (%) | Died | 1,044 (72.4) | 32,508 (79.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Alive | 398 (27.6) | 8,569 (20.9) | ||
| Time to death/follow-up (years), mean ± SD | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 1.1 ± 1.4 | < 0.0001 | |
| Primary cause of death (among those who died) | Cardiac | 454 (43.5) | 10,551 (32.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Endocrine | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 4 (0.4) | 218 (0.7) | ||
| Infection | 78 (7.5) | 3,355 (10.3) | ||
| Liver disease | 8 (0.8) | 123 (0.4) | ||
| Metabolic | 5 (0.5) | 188 (0.6) | ||
| Other | 441 (42.2) | 13,989 (43.0) | ||
| Vascular | 54 (5.2) | 4,079 (12.6) | ||
Dx: diagnosis; HD: hemodialysis; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PD: peritoneal dialysis; SD: standard deviation.