Table 2:
Descriptive Statistics for Mortality within the Patient Population and Each Risk Factor and Chi-squared or Student’s t-test Results
| Variable | Characteristic | Died (n = 33,552; 78.9%) | Alive (n = 8,967; 21.1%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main independent risk factor | ||||
| ICD insertion | Yes | 1,044 (72.4) | 398 (27.6) | < 0.0001 |
| No | 32,508 (79.1) | 8,569 (20.9) | ||
| Demographic risk factors | ||||
| Age at first dialysis (years), mean ± SD | 67.9 ± 12.7 | 60.3 ± 13.2 | < 0.0001 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Female | 17,793 (79.1) | 4,699 (20.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 15,759 (78.7) | 4,268 (21.3) | ||
| Race, n (%) | Black | 10,161 (73.2) | 3,715 (26.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Other | 1,248 (76.9) | 374 (23.1) | ||
| White | 22,143 (82.0) | 4,878 (18.0) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | Hispanic | 3,623 (73.5) | 1,306 (26.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic | 29,929 (79.6) | 7,661 (20.4) | ||
| Dialysis modality, n (%) | HD | 31,486 (79.5) | 8,115 (20.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Unknown | 270 (54.0) | 230 (46.0) | ||
| PD | 1,796 (74.3) | 622 (25.7) | ||
| Access type, n (%) | Catheter | 19,313 (76.8) | 5,824 (23.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Graft | 951 (74.1) | 332 (25.9) | ||
| Other/unknown | 10,673 (86.3) | 1,698 (13.7) | ||
| AVF | 2,615 (70.1) | 1,113 (29.9) | ||
| Clinical risk factor | ||||
| CCI, mean ± SD | 5.9 ± 2.5 | 5.8 ± 2.2 | < 0.0001 | |
| Tobacco, n (%) | Yes | 4,471 (72.6) | 1,684 (27.4) | < 0.0001 |
| No | 29,081 (80.0) | 7,283 (20.0) | ||
| Alcohol, n (%) | Yes | 593 (74.0) | 208 (26.0) | < 0.0001 |
| No | 32,959 (79.0) | 8,759 (21.0) | ||
| Bacteremia, n (%) | Dx | 3,091 (77.5) | 896 (22.5) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 30,461 (79.1) | 8,071 (21) | ||
| Septicemia, n (%) | Dx | 14,656 (86.4) | 2,314 (13.6) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 18,896 (74.0) | 6,653 (26.0) | ||
| Hepatitis B, n (%) | Dx | 231 (74.3) | 80 (25.7) | 0.0444 |
| No Dx | 33,321 (78.9) | 8,887 (21.1) | ||
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | Dx | 940 (73.9) | 332 (26.1) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 32,612 (79.1) | 8,635 (20.9) | ||
| Cardiovascular event, n (%) | Dx | 28,872 (77.7) | 8,294 (22.3) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 4,680 (87.4) | 673 (12.6) | ||
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | Dx | 789 (81.8) | 176 (18.2) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 32,763 (78.8) | 8,791 (21.2) | ||
| ICD removal among those with an ICD, n (%) | Yes | 68 (73.1) | 25 (26.9) | 0.5639 |
| No | 976 (72.4) | 373 (27.7) | ||
| Potential anticoagulation, n (%) | Yes | 2,433 (76.9) | 733 (23.2) | < 0.0001 |
| No | 31,119 (79.1) | 8,234 (20.9) | ||
| Time to death/follow-up (years), mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | < 0.0001 | |
CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; Dx: diagnosis; HD: hemodialysis; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PD: peritoneal dialysis; SD: standard deviation.