Table 3:
Descriptive Statistics for Mortality Within Each Risk Factor Category Among Those with ICD Insertion (n = 1,442) and Chi-squared or Student’s t-test Results
| Variable | Characteristic | Died (n = 1,044; 72.4%) | Alive (n = 467; 27.6%) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic risk factor | ||||
| Age at first dialysis (years), mean ± SD | 64.6 ± 11.7 | 58.2 ± 13.4 | < 0.0001 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Female | 400 (71.0) | 163 (29.0) | 0.3582 |
| Male | 644 (73.3) | 235 (26.7) | ||
| Race, n (%) | Black | 249 (63.5) | 143 (36.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Other | 48 (71.6) | 19 (28.4) | ||
| White | 747 (76.0) | 236 (24.0) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | Hispanic | 106 (67.1) | 52 (32.9) | 0.1135 |
| Non-Hispanic | 938 (73.1) | 346 (27) | ||
| Dialysis modality, n (%) | HD | 978 (73.3) | 357 (26.7) | 0.0314 |
| Missing/unknown | 9 (56.3) | 7 (43.8) | ||
| PD | 57 (62.6) | 34 (37.4) | ||
| Access type, n (%) | Catheter | 557 (69.9) | 240 (30.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Graft | 19 (51.4) | 18 (48.7) | ||
| Other/unknown | 372 (81.8) | 83 (18.2) | ||
| AVF | 96 (62.8) | 57 (37.3) | ||
| Clinical risk factor | ||||
| CCI, mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 2.4 | 5.2 ± 2.3 | 0.2889 | |
| Tobacco, n (%) | Yes | 147 (66.8) | 73 (33.2) | 0.0443 |
| No | 897 (73.4) | 325 (26.6) | ||
| Alcohol, n (%) | Yes | 23 (71.9) | 9 (28.1) | 0.9465 |
| No | 1,021 (72.4) | 389 (27.6) | ||
| Bacteremia, n (%) | Dx | 162 (75.0) | 54 (25.0) | 0.3538 |
| No Dx | 882 (71.9) | 344 (28.1) | ||
| Septicemia, n (%) | Dx | 495 (81.2) | 115 (18.9) | < 0.0001 |
| No Dx | 549 (66.0) | 283 (34.0) | ||
| Hepatitis B, n (%) | Dx | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 0.1256 |
| No Dx | 1,040 (72.6) | 393 (27.4) | ||
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | Dx | 36 (65.5) | 19 (34.6) | 0.2401 |
| No Dx | 1,008 (72.7) | 379 (27.3) | ||
| Cardiovascular event, n (%) | Dx | 414 (74.1) | 145 (25.9) | 0.2615 |
| No Dx | 630 (71.4) | 253 (28.7) | ||
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | Dx | 25 (75.8) | 8 (24.2) | 0.6624 |
| No Dx | 1,019 (72.3) | 390 (27.7) | ||
| ICD removal, n (%) | Yes | 68 (73.1) | 25 (26.9) | 0.8726 |
| No | 976 (72.4) | 373 (27.7) | ||
| Potential anticoagulation, n (%) | Yes | 110 (69.6) | 48 (30.4) | 0.4076 |
| No | 934 (72.7) | 350 (27.3) | ||
| Time to death/follow-up (years), mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | < 0.0001 | |
| Primary cause of death (among those who died) | Cardiac | 454 (43.5) | ||
| Endocrine | 4 (0.4) | |||
| Gastrointestinal | 78 (7.5) | |||
| Infection | 8 (0.8) | |||
| Liver disease | 5 (0.5) | |||
| Metabolic | 441 (42.2) | |||
| Other | 54 (5.2) | |||
| Vascular | 454 (43.5) | |||
CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; Dx: diagnosis; HD: hemodialysis; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PD: peritoneal dialysis; SD: standard deviation.