Figure 1.

Naming conventions recommended by Howland and Howland for planes and axes of the vertebrate eye regardless of species. A histologic section cut on the vertical plane through the great meridian is illustrated.⁷⁹ The horizontal, vertical, and frontal planes are marked, as are the anterior–posterior (A–P) axis (also known as optic axis), the nasal–temporal (N–T) axis, and the superior–inferior (S–I; vertical) axis. Reprinted with permission from Wisard J, Faulkner A, Chrenek MA, et al. Exaggerated eye growth in IRBP-deficient mice in early development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:5804–5811. Copyright 2011 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.