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Regulation of pluripotency by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). (A) PSCs exhibit high proteasome degradation activity, which is regulated by FOXO4-driven expression of the 19S proteasome subunit PSMD11 and corresponding enhanced assembly of 26S/30S proteasomes. (B) Levels of the pluripotency factors OCT4, c-MYC, REX1, SOX2 and NANOG are fine-tuned by UPS to maintain the precise quantity that facilitates pluripotency. p, phosphorylation; m, methylation
