Table 1.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Subjects
| No NAFLD (N = 41) | No NASH (N = 52) | NASH (N = 94) | P (by ANOVA) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 55 ± 11 | 48 ± 10a | 50 ± 11a | 0.01 |
| Male, n (%) | 28 (68) | 38 (73) | 69 (73) | 0.82 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.1 ± 3.8 | 33.8 ± 4.4 | 34.8 ± 4.8a | 0.005 |
| Total body fat by DXA, % of body weight) | 31 ± 7 | 33 ± 7 | 33 ± 7 | 0.56 |
| Visceral fat by MRI, cm2 | 139 ± 51 | 163 ± 43 | 187 ± 63a | <0.001 |
| Liver fat by 1H-MRS, % | 3 ± 1 | 15 ± 8a | 18 ± 9a | <0.001 |
| Patients with T2DM, n (%) | 21 (51) | 28 (54) | 51 (54) | 0.95 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 116 ± 25 | 118 ± 22 | 123 ± 27 | 0.26 |
| Plasma insulin, µU/mL | 8 ± 7 | 13 ± 10a | 16 ± 12a | <0.001 |
| A1C, % | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 6.4 ± 1.0 | 0.54 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 161 ± 35 | 171 ± 49 | 187 ± 45a | 0.006 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 116 ± 52 | 148 ± 73 | 206 ± 144a,b | <0.001 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 95 ± 27 | 105 ± 44 | 110 ± 41 | 0.14 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 43 ± 12 | 38 ± 7a | 37 ± 8a | 0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 33 ± 27 | 47 ± 23 | 72 ± 39a,b | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 29 ± 17 | 32 ± 12 | 51 ± 28a,b | <0.001 |
| Cytokeratin-18, U/L | 188 ± 186 | 228 ± 204 | 403 ± 293a,b | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin, μg/dL | 10.7 ± 6.0 | 7.8 ± 4.5 | 8.6 ± 6.5 | 0.07 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 7.2 ± 8.6 | 6.6 ± 6.5 | 7.4 ± 7.2 | 0.98 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD for continuous variables and as number (%) for categorical variables. P values represent the comparison between all groups by ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Post hoc comparisons between two groups were performed adjusting for multiple comparisons by Bonferroni method.
Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
a
P < 0.05 compared with the No NAFLD group.
b
P < 0.05 compared with the No NASH group.