Table 1.
Descriptives.
| Variable | Whole sample (N = 123) | Males (N = 69) | Females (N = 54) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD (range) | ||||
| Age at birth (w) | 39.9 ± 1.1 (36.3–42.1) | 39.8 ± 1.1 (36.3–42.1) | 39.9 ± 1.2 (37.6–42) | 0.657 |
| Age at scan (days from due date) | 24.9 ± 7.4 (8–45) | 24.9 ± 6.9 (8–45) | 24.9 ± 8 (14–40) | 0.671 |
| Age at scan (days from birth) | 26.2 ± 7.7 (11–54) | 26.4 ± 7.9 (11–43) | 25.9 ± 7.4 (14–54) | 0.973 |
| Total age at scan (GW + days from birth) | 305.2 ± 7.4 (291–325) | 305.3 ± 7 (294–320) | 305.1 ± 7.8 (291–325) | 0.894 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 35 ± 1.3 (32.5–37.5) | 35.3 ± 1.3 (33–37.5) | 34.7 ± 1.3 (32.5–37) | 0.015* |
| Birth weight (g) | 3480.5 ± 431.8 (2530–4700) | 3564.8 ± 451.9 (2720–4700) | 3370.6 ± 380.7 (2530–4340) | 0.013* |
| Birth length (cm) | 50.5 ± 1.9 (44–56) | 50.8 ± 2 (46–56) | 50 ± 1.7 (44–53) | 0.020* |
| Maternal age at term (y) | 30.2 ± 4.4 (19.1–41.3) | 30.5 ± 4.6 (19.1–41.1) | 29.8 ± 4.3 (21.5–41.3) | 0.359 |
| Paternal age at term (y) | 31.9 ± 4.9 (20–47.5) | 31.4 ± 5.2 (20–47.5) | 32.4 ± 4.5 (24–43.4) | 0.368 |
| Maternal prepregnancy weight (kg) | 66.6 ± 12.6 (42–115) | 67.9 ± 13.3 (46–115) | 65 ± 11.5 (42–101) | 0.208 |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 4 (17.5–38.4) | 24.5 ± 4.2 (18–38.4) | 23.7 ± 3.7 (17.5–35) | 0.329 |
| Frequencies | ||||
| APGAR 5 min < 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.383 |
| Respirator/CPR (yes) | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0 | 0.383 |
| Asphyxia (yes) | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0.289 |
| Gestational diabetes (GDM) (yes) | 15 | 8 | 7 | 0.811 |
| Prenatal alcohol consumption (yes) | 29 | 20 | 9 | 0.112 |
| Prenatal smoking (yes) | 9 | 5 | 4 | 0.950 |
| CNS affecting medication | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0.177 |
| Maternal education (low/middle/high) | 34/38/49 | 18/20/30 | 16/18/19 | 0.355 |
| Maternal ethnicity: Caucasian | 119 | 66 | 53 | |
| Parents married/living together | 119 | 61 | 48 |
In the right column p-values (of t-tests or chi-squared tests) for sex differences in the sample are listed; *Significant results (p < 0.05); GW = gestational week; CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CNS affecting medication: serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines; maternal education: low = high school degree or lower, middle = vocational degree, high = master's degree or higher.