Table 3.
Operative variables analyzed
|
LA + M + K group (n = 38) |
LA + F group (n = 60) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Colorectal cancer | 16 (42.1) | 33 (55) | |
| Gastric cancer | 9 (23.7) | 7 (11.7) | |
| Non-neoplastic bowel obstruction | 4 (10.5) | 8 (13.3) | .265 |
| Gallbladder disease | 5 (13.2) | 3 (5) | |
| Other⁎ | 4 (10.5) | 9 (15) | |
| Urgency, n (%) | 13 (34.2) | 33 (55) | .072 |
| Surgical procedure, n (%) | |||
| Colectomy | 18 (47.4) | 39 (65) | |
| Gastrectomy | 9 (23.7) | 5 (8.3) | |
| Adhesiolysis† | 4 (10.5) | 4 (6.7) | .053 |
| Cholecystectomy | 5 (13.2) | 3 (5) | |
| Other‡ | 2 (5.3) | 9 (15) | |
| Operative time (min), mean ± SD | 126 ± 38 | 123 ± 45 | .672 |
| Relaparotomy, n (%) | 4 (10.5) | 8 (13.3) | .761 |
| Conversion to GA, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | n.a. |
| Local anesthetics | |||
| Type, n (%) levo-bupivacaine | 7 (18.4) | 37 (61.7) | <.001 |
| Hyperbaric bupivacaine | 35 (92.1) | 25 (41.7) | <.001 |
| Number (> 1), n (%) | 4 (10.5) | 2 (3.3) | .203 |
| Cumulative dose, median (range) | 9.5 (4–25) | 7.5 (5–15) | .034 |
| Hemodynamic | |||
| MAP, mean ± SD | 75.4 ± 7.1 | 72.8 ± 8.5 | .120 |
| HR, median (range) | 70 (55–92.5) | 75 (57.5–115) | .013 |
| SpO2, median (range) | 98 (92–100) | 97 (91.5–100) | .543 |
| Diuresis (mL/kg/h), mean ± SD | 0.96 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | .373 |
| Fluid infusion (mL/kg/h), median (range) | 15.6 (6.6–33) | 18.6 (9–63.6) | .059 |
| Vasopressor support | |||
| NE use, n (%) | 27 (71.1) | 50 (83.3) | .243 |
| Max dose,§ median (range) | 0.09 (0.02–0.3) | 0.13 (0.04–0.59) | .048 |
| Pain with VAS > 4, n (%) | 0 | 0 | n.a. |
| Intravenous sedation, n (%) | 17 (44.7) | 57 (95) | <.001 |
| PRBCs, n (%) | 6 (15.8) | 14 (23.3) | .519 |
⁎
Complicated acute diverticulitis and ischemic colitis, ovarian neoplasm with abdominal compartmental syndrome, postincisional hernia, colostomy, perforated duodenal diverticulum, and enterocutaneous fistula.
†
With or without intestinal resection.
‡
Hysterectomy with ovariosalpingectomy, laparoscopic repair of postincisional hernia, stoma reversal, internal bypass, and suture of duodenum.
§
Expressed in μg/kg/min.