TABLE 1.
Demographics and profile in machine learning clusters for dementia likelihood created in CHARLS (China) and ELSI (Brazil) cohorts
| CHARLS (China) | ELSI (Brazil) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Mobility Impairment | Likely Dementia | Normal | Mobility Impairment | Likely Dementia | |
| N | 8904 | 6044 | 1597 | 5767 | 3158 | 487 |
| Demographics Mean (SD) ‐ N (%) | ||||||
| Age (years) | 60.0 (7.7) | 65.2 (9.3) | 69.0 (10.2) | 61.3 (8.7) | 66.1 (10.5) | 73.7 (13.2) |
| Male sex | 65% | 28% | 39% | 53.0% | 27.0% | 38.6% |
| Education (years) | 7.1 (3.9) | 2.9 (3.4) | 3.2 (3.8) | 6.8 (4.84) | 3.8 (3.8) | 2.4 (3.2) |
| Married | 94.6% | 72.2% | 66.6% | 65.1% | 48.2% | 34.5% |
| Working | 80.0% | 59.2% | 32.1% | 48.9% | 14.8% | 2.9% |
| Clinical scales mean (SD) | ||||||
| Delayed recall (0‐10) | 3.3 (1.9) | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.3 (1.7) | 3.2 (1.8) | 2.2 (1.7) | 1.4 (1.6) |
| ADL a | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.4) | 2.4 (1.2) | 5.1 (0.3) | 5.8 (1.3) | 12.3 (4.4) |
| IADL b | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.9) | 2.7 (1.5) | 5.4 (1.0) | 7.4 (2.8) | 15.2 (4.1) |
| Mobility c | 0.5 (0.8) | 2.1 (1.5) | 4.8 (1.4) | 4.9 (1.6) | 9.2 (3.4) | 14.2 (2.6) |
| Depression scale d | 5.1 (4.1) | 11.2 (6.3) | 15.1 (6.8) | 1.9 (1.9) | 4.5 (2.4) | 4.5 (2.2) |
| Comorbidities e N (%) | ||||||
| Stroke | 173 (1.9) | 264 (4.4) | 257 (16.1) | 127 (2.2) | 266 (8.4) | 143 (29.4) |
| Diabetes | 709 (8.0) | 751 (12.4) | 280 (17.5) | 756 (13.1) | 644 (20.4) | 125 (25.7) |
| Heart disease | 1245 (13.4) | 1420 (20.5) | 486 (30.6) | 194 (3.4) | 313 (9.9) | 49 (10.1) |
| Hypertension | 2547 (28.6) | 2554 (42.3) | 953 (59.7) | 2658 (46.1) | 2054 (65.0) | 306 (62.8) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1482 (15.9) | 1124 (18.6) | 412 (25.8) | 1607 (27.9) | 1162 (36.8) | 124 (25.5) |
| Lung disease | 955 (10.7) | 1212 (20.1) | 382 (23.9) | 226 (3.9) | 281 (8.9) | 56 (11.5) |
| Cancer | 110 (1.2) | 146 (2.4) | 51 (3.2) | 253 (4.4) | 218 (6.9) | 33(6.8) |
| Depression | 85 (1.0) | 228 (3.8) | 92 (5.8) | 597 (10.4) | 991 (31.4) | 128 (26.3) |
| Arthritis | 2912 (32.7) | 3710 (61.4) | 1028 (64.4) | 816 (14.1) | 1091 (34.5) | 129 (26.5) |
Notes: In both cohorts, participants assigned to cluster 3 (Likely Dementia) show low memory performance, and both functional and mobility impairment.
ADL = Activities of Daily Living on a 0‐5 scale in CHARLS and 5‐20 scale in ELSI.
IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living on a 0‐5 scale in CHARLS and 5‐20 scale in ELSI.
Mobility range 0‐7 in CHARLS, and 4‐16 in ELSI.
CESD (Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression) scale on a 0‐30 in CHARLS and 0‐10 in ELSI.
Self‐declared comorbidities: the participant was asked to answer the question: “Has your doctor ever told you suffered from…?”
Abbreviations: CHARLS, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; ELSI, Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging; SD, standard deviation.