Table 1.

Specifications of reported multi- and hyperspectral laparoscopic (HSI/MSI) systems since 2013.

Author	System description [light source]	Spectral separation	Spectral range (nm)	Spectral channels [resolution in nm]	Image size in pixels [spatial resolution]	Acquisition [processing] time in s	Color videoa	Medical application
Clancy et al.21	MSI laparoscope [xenon]	LCTF	500 to 620	13 [7 to 20]	$512\times 384$ [0.7 mm]	7 [45]	No	Perfusion
Fawzy et al.22	MSI flexible endoscope [xenon]	Filter wheel	400 to 760	18 [15]	$200\times 200$ [n.a.]	0.07 [2.4]	No	Perfusion
Hohmann et al.23	MSI flexible endoscope [xenon]	n.a.	400 to 650	6 [12 to 20]	$350\times 370$ [50 to $500\mu \mathrm{m}$]	0.45 [1.5]	No	LG CA
Luthman et al.13	MSI flexible endoscope [LED]	2 × SRDA	470 to 630	16 [9 to 26]	n.a. [300 to $400\mu \mathrm{m}$]	0.01 [600]	Yes	U/LG CA
			600 to 1000	25 [7 to 15]
More et al.24	MSI rigid endoscope [halogen]	Line scanning monochromator	480 to 705	16 [15]	$1392\times 1024$ [n.a.]	20 [n.a.]	No	Mice retina
Zhang et al. 25	MSI laparoscope [n.a.]	Filter wheel	470 to 700	8 [20 to 25]	$300\times 300$ [$6.45\mu \mathrm{m}$]	0.4 [n.a.]	No	Tissue classification
Leitner et al.26	MSI + HSI rigid endoscope [xenon]	AOTF	400 to 650	MSI: 8	$1004\times 1002$ [n.a.]	MSI: 0.2	No	Classification of cancerous tissue
				HSI: 51 [5]
						HSI: 1.25 [n.a.]
Baltussen et al.14	HSI laparoscope [halogen]	2 × push-broom	400 to 1000 and 900 to 1700	n.a. [3 and 5]	$1\times 1312$ and $1\times 320$ [n.a.]	20 and 30 [60]	No	LG CA
Han et al.27	HSI flexible endoscope [xenon]	Filter wheel	405 to 665	27 [10]	$582\times 752$ [n.a.]	4.2 [n.a.]	No	LG CA
Kumashiro et al.15	HSI flexible endoscope [xenon]	Push-broom	405 to 750	70 [5]	$640\times 480$ [n.a.]	30 [60]	Yes	LG CA
Regeling et al.28	HSI flexible endoscope [n.a.]	Monochromator	390 to 680	30 [10]	$1388\times 1040$ [n.a.]	6 to 9 [30]	No	HN CA
Yoon et al.16	Flexible HSI endoscope [LED, halogen]	Manual line scanning	450 to 710 (due to light source)	75 [9] at $18\mu \mathrm{m}$ slit; $50\text{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}lines}/\mathrm{mm}$	n.a. [$120\mu \mathrm{m}$ at 5 mm distance]	0.05/line [0.85/line]	Yes	UG CA
Presented system	HSI laparoscope [LED, xenon, halogen]	Push-broom	500 to 1000	100 [5]	$640\times 480$ [$320\mu \mathrm{m}$ at 50-mm distance and 500 nm]	4.6 [4.6]	Yes	UG CA

AOTF, acousto-optical tunable filter; LCTF, liquid crystal tunable filter; SRDA, spectrally resolving detector array; U/LG CA, detection of cancers in the upper/lower gastrointestinal tract; and HN CA, head and neck cancer detection.

^aSimultaneous acquisition of HSI/MSI and color video ($>15\mathrm{fps}$).