Table 4. Summary of Multiple Logistic Regression for Variables Associated With False-Negative Report of Hearing Difficulties by Samplea .
| Variable | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 1.97 (1.18-3.28) | 0.94 (0.55-1.60) | 1.23 (1.18-3.16) |
| Age of 65-74 y | 0.59 (0.28-1.26) | 0.86(0.40-1.84) | 5.75 (1.17-8.13) |
| Age of 75-89 y | 0.55 (0.25-1.21) | 0.85 (0.37-1.94) | 7.08 (1.41-9.30) |
| Retirement status (not retired) | 0.92 (0.46-1.78) | 1.13 (1.08-2.15) | 1.07 (0.39-2.93) |
| Educational level (no qualifications) | 1.37 (1.26-2.55) | 1.07 (1.05-2.45) | 1.95 (1.63-6.01) |
| Occupation (routine or manual) | 1.43 (1.28-2.61) | 1.66 (1.09-1.98) | 2.07 (1.78-5.40) |
| Income (lowest) | 0.94 (0.77-1.15) | 1.69 (1.19-3.19) | 0.97 (0.73-1.27) |
| Tobacco use (current or former) | 1.14 (1.08-1.90) | 2.32 (1.80-3.75) | 1.46 (1.25-2.48) |
| Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units per week) | 1.13 (1.11-2.34) | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | 1.86 (1.67-5.12) |
| Physical activity (moderate sports or activities hardly ever or never) | 1.25 (1.03-1.42) | 1.10 (0.82-1.47) | 1.02 (0.73-1.41) |
| Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 | 9.43 | 3.82 | 11.39 |
| Probability > χ2 | 0.31 | 0.87 | 0.18 |
Abbreviation: HL, hearing loss.
Data are presented as odds ratio (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated.
Model 1: did not report hearing difficulties while they had objectively measured HL by HearCheck (>35 dB HL at 3.0 kHz in the better-hearing ear) (n = 2266).
Model 2: did not report moderate hearing difficulties while they had objectively measured moderate HL (n = 1498); objective moderate HL: tones heard at 75 dB HL and 55 dB HL but not at 35 dB HL (the first 2 of the 3 tones at 3.0 kHz heard).
Model 3: did not report moderately severe or severe hearing difficulties while they had objectively measured moderately severe or severe HL (n = 768); objective moderately severe or severe HL: tone heard or not at 75 dB HL and tones not heard at 55 dB HL and 35 dB HL (0 or 1 of the 3 tones at 3.0 kHz heard).