Table. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Baseline by Treatment Groupa.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire cohort | Age <12 y at study | Age ≥12 y at study | ||||
| Intervention (n = 230) | Education (n = 214) | Intervention (n = 147) | Education (n = 143) | Intervention (n = 83) | Education (n = 71) | |
| Age at diagnosis, median (IQR), y | 6.8 (4.0-12.6) | 5.7 (3.6-12.4) | 4.5 (3.1-6.3) | 3.96 (3.2-5.8) | 14.1 (12.1-15.3) | 14.5 (12.4-16.5) |
| Age at study start, median (IQR), y | 8.6 (5.6-14.3) | 7.5 (5.3-14) | 6.12 (4.8-8.1) | 5.63 (4.9-7.5) | 15.7 (13.9-17.5) | 16.4 (14-18.1) |
| Patients aged ≥12 y at study start | 83 (36.1) | 71 (33.2) | 0 | 0 | 83 (100) | 71 (100) |
| Male | 154 (67.0) | 148 (69.2) | 98 (66.7) | 93 (65.0) | 56 (67.5) | 55 (77.5) |
| Race/ethnicityb | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 91 (39.6) | 89 (41.6) | 61 (41.5) | 60 (41.9) | 30 (36.1) | 29 (40.9) |
| Hispanic | 91 (39.6) | 79 (36.9) | 51 (34.7) | 49 (34.3) | 40 (48.2) | 30 (42.3) |
| African American | 20 (8.7) | 23 (10.8) | 13 (8.8) | 16 (11.2) | 7 (8.4) | 7 (9.9) |
| Asian or mixed race/ethnicity | 28 (12.2) | 23 (10.8) | 22 (15.0) | 18 (12.6) | 6 (7.2) | 5 (7.0) |
| Parental education | ||||||
| Paternal education less than or equal to high school | 113 (49.1) | 82 (38.3) | 67 (45.6) | 50 (35.0) | 46 (55.4) | 32 (45.1) |
| Maternal education less than or equal to high school | 85 (37.0) | 66 (30.8) | 51 (34.7) | 40 (28.0) | 34 (40.9) | 26 (36.6) |
| Annual household income, $ | ||||||
| <20 000 | 59 (25.6) | 53 (24.8) | 36 (24.5) | 33 (23.1) | 23 (27.7) | 20 (28.2) |
| 20 000-50 000 | 59 (25.7) | 54 (25.2) | 41 (27.9) | 31 (21.7) | 18 (21.7) | 23 (32.4) |
| >50 000 | 98 (42.6) | 88 (41.1) | 61 (41.5) | 70 (48.9) | 37 (44.6) | 18 (25.4) |
| Missing | 14 (6.1) | 19 (8.9) | 9 (6.1) | 9 (6.3) | 5 (6.0) | 10 (14.1) |
| Household structure | ||||||
| Nuclear family | 167 (72.6) | 152 (71.0) | 111 (75.5) | 108 (75.5) | 56 (67.5) | 44 (61.9) |
| Single parent with multiple children | 26 (11.3) | 21 (9.8) | 13 (8.8) | 10 (7.0) | 13 (15.7) | 11 (15.5) |
| Single parent with single child | 8 (3.5) | 8 (3.7) | 4 (2.7) | 4 (2.8) | 4 (4.8) | 4 (5.6) |
| Other | 29 (12.6) | 33 (15.4) | 19 (12.9) | 21 (14.7) | 10 (12.1) | 11 (16.9) |
| Time between start of maintenance to study entry, median (IQR), y | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.91 (0.7-1.2) | 0.90 (0.7-1.2) | 0.90 (0.7-1.4) | 0.88 (0.7-1.4) |
| Mercaptopurine dose intensity ratio at baseline, median (IQR) | 0.89 (0.7-1) | 0.90 (0.7-1) | 0.89 (0.8-1) | 0.89 (0.7-1) | 0.85 (0.7-1) | 0.93 (0.7-1) |
| Absolute neutrophil count, median (IQR), cells/μL | 1980 (1500-2600) | 1860 (1500-2500) | 1940 (1400-2500) | 1830 (1400-2500) | 1990 (1600-2800) | 1930 (1500-2400) |
| Baseline adherence rate, % | ||||||
| Mean (SE) | 92.2 (0.9) | 93.5 (0.8) | 93.3 (1.1) | 94.8 (0.9) | 90.3 (1.5) | 91.0 (1.6) |
| Proportion with adherence <95% | 32.2 | 29.5 | 26.2 | 26.5 | 42.7 | 35.2 |
| Proportion with adherence <90% | 24.2 | 19.8 | 17.9 | 14.7 | 35.4 | 29.6 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
SI conversion factor: To convert absolute neutrophil count to ×109/L, multiply by 0.001.
a
The intervention package included education and daily personalized text message reminders prompting directly supervised therapy.
b
Race/ethnicity was self- or parent-reported, using options defined by the investigator, to ensure an adequate representation of African American and Hispanic patients, given our previous findings that indicated racial/ethnic differences in adherence.