Figure 3.

GI demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions via modulation the activation of Nrf2/NF-κB signaling. GI enhanced the expression levels of Nrf2, CAT, HO-1, SOD-1 and SOD-2, and reduced the phosphorylation level of NF-κB, IKKα+β and IκBα. The quantitative expression of each protein was normalized using GAPDH. ^##P<0.01 and ^###P<0.001 vs. control mice; *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. DSS-induced UC mice. GI, Gloeostereum incarnatum; SASP, sulfasalazine; P-, phosphorylated; T-, total; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; CAT, catalase; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; SOD, superoxide dismutase; IKK, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase; IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; CTRL, control.