Table 1.

TTM components

TTM concept	Definition
Decisional Balance & Motivational Interviewing	Pros and cons of behavior and behavior change
Counter-Conditioning	Substituting healthy alternative behaviors and thoughts for old behaviors
Consciousness Raising	Learning new facts, ideas and tips that support the behavior change
Dramatic Relief	Experiencing negative emotions that go along with old behaviors and positive emotions that go along with new behaviors
Environmental Reevaluation	Realizing the negative impact of one’s behavior and the positive impact of change on others
Helping Relationships	Seeking and using social support to make and sustain change
Reinforcement Management	Increasing rewards for healthy behavior change and decreasing the rewards for old behaviors
Stimulus Control	Removing reminds/cues to engage in old behavior, and using cues to engage in the new healthy behavior
Self-Liberation	Making a firm commitment to change
Social Liberation	Realizing that social norms are changing to support new behavior
Self-Reevaluation	Realizing that the behavior change is an important part of one’s identity