Table 3.
Means and Standard Deviations on Cognitive, Linguistic, and Theory of Mind Assessments
| Children with ASD (n = 22) |
NT Children (n = 22) |
t | p | d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WASI-II | |||||
| FSIQ-2a | 92.86 (12.59) | 98.55 (8.51) | −1.75 | .09 | .52 |
| 75 – 118 | 84 – 113 | ||||
| Vocabulary subtesta | 45.32 (10.09) | 49.82 (5.53) | −1.84 | .08 | .38 |
| 29 – 63 | 39 – 60 | ||||
| Matrix Reasoning subtest | 45.91 (8.66) | 48.73 (7.60) | −1.15 | .26 | .35 |
| 30 – 58 | 34 – 64 | ||||
| CELF-5b | |||||
| Core Language Score Standardized Score (n = 22; 22)a | 93.46 (19.40) | 99.81 (10.40) | −1.36 | .18 | .41 |
| 62 – 133 | 79 – 118 | ||||
| Formulated Sentences Scaled Score (n = 22; 22) | 9.00 (4.24) | 10.05 (3.50) | −.89 | .38 | .27 |
| 2 – 15 | 1– 16 | ||||
| Recalling Sentences Scaled Score (n = 22; 22) | 8.00 (3.75) | 9.22 (2.29) | −1.31 | .20 | .40 |
| 2 – 15 | 5 – 13 | ||||
| Semantic Relationships Scaled Score (n = 18; 20) | 8.72 (2.82) | 10.85 (1.98) | −2.71 | .01 | .87 |
| 2 – 12 | 8 – 15 | ||||
| Word Classes Scaled Score (n = 13; 16) | 10.46 (4.24) | 10.81 (2.64) | −.27 | .79 | .10 |
| 3 – 17 | 7 – 16 | ||||
| Understanding Spoken Paragraphs Scaled Score (n = 5; 4) | 6.60 (2.07) | 11.5 (1.29) | −4.10 | .01 | 2.84 |
| 5 – 10 | 10 – 13 | ||||
| Word Structure Scaled Score (n = 4; 2) | 7.75 (3.95) | 5.50 (3.53) | .68 | .54 | .60 |
| 3 – 11 | 3 – 8 | ||||
| Sentence Comprehension Scaled Score (n = 4; 2) | 9.50 (3.42) | 7.50 (2.12) | .74 | .50 | .70 |
| 5 – 13 | 6 – 9 | ||||
| Theory of Mind | |||||
| Birthday Puppy Story (out of 6) | 3.91 (1.87) | 5.05 (.73) | −2.65 | .0001 | .80 |
| Strange Stories Test (out of 16) | 6.00 (3.90) | 11.18 (2.11) | −5.31 | .0001 | 1.65 |
| ToM z-score | −1.04 (2.09) | .96 (.83) | −4.19 | .0001 | 1.26 |
Note.
Unequal variance was present between the groups for FSIQ, WASI Vocabulary subtest, the Core Language Score, and ToM performance. Thus, results are adjusted for equal variances not assumed.
In accordance with CELF-5 instructions, all children completed Recalling Sentences and Formulated Sentences. For the third and fourth Core subtests, 8-year-olds completed Word Structure and Sentence Comprehension, 9- to 12-year-olds completed Word Classes and Semantic Relationships, and 13-to 14-year-olds completed Semantic Relationships and Understanding Spoken Paragraphs. The Core Language Score is a standardized score (M = 100; SD = 15). All CELF-5 subtest scores are reported as scaled scores (M = 10; SD = 3).