. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2019 Oct 15;69:101453. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101453

Table 4.

Means and Standard Deviations for Personal Narrative Writing Performance

Writing Variable	Measurement	Children with ASD (n = 22)	NT Children (n = 22)
		M (SD)/n	M (SD)/n	U/X²	p	d/phi
Microstructure
Lexical complexity	Large words/total words	.09 (.01)	.11 (.01)	229.50	.77	.11
Syntactic complexity	Subordination index	1.60 (.65)	1.86 (.30)	177.00	.13	.49
	Syntactic diversity	2.05 (1.29)	2.86 (1.04)	154.00	.03^*	.70
Grammatical errors	Grammar errors/T-units	.34 (.54)	.10 (.15)	134.50	.009^*	.61
Writing conventions	Writing convention errors/T-units	2.33 (2.60)	1.18 (1.10)	194.50	.26	.58
Evaluation	Evaluative devices/T-units	.51 (.40)	.50 (.29)	230.50	.78	.03
Macrostructure
Productivity	Total T-units	8.81 (6.54)	11.09 (7.81)	199.50	.32	.49
Quality (ratings 0 – 12)	Total quality rating	6.36 (4.28)	9.00 (2.51)	158.00	.05^*	.75
Personalization	Proportion of personalized narratives	16 (73%)	28 (100%)	6.95	.008^*	.40
Behavioral Differences
Experimenter assistance	Needed attention redirection	5 (23%)	0 (0%)	5.64	.02^*	.36
	Needed prompting	10 (46%)	2 (9%)	7.33	.007^*	.41
	Needed help with topic generation	9 (41%)	1 (4.5%)	8.28	.004^*	.43

Note.

significant group difference