Table 2.
Non-ICU CGM studies
| Authors | CGM Type | Patient Population | Study Design | Outcomes | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burt et al,15 2013 | CGMS Gold (Medtronic MiniMed) | T1DM and T2DM admitted to general wards on basal bolus insulin (n = 26) | Observational Prospective Cohort: blinded CGM vs POC glucose testing | Accuracy and glycemic control | No significant difference in glycemic control; most hyperglycemic episodes were postprandial and hypoglycemic episodes more likely to occur between midnight and 7 AM |
| Schaupp et al,16 2015 | iPro2 system (Medtronic MiniMed) | T2DM admitted to general wards on basal bolus insulin (n = 84) | Observational Prospective Cohort: blinded CGM vs POC glucose testing | Accuracy | Good agreement between CGM and POC glucose values; Clarke Error Grid analysis with 98.7% of values in Zone A or Zone B (88.2% within Zone A); 15-fold increase in detection of nocturnal hypoglycemia with CGM. |
| Gómez et al,17 2015 | iPro2 system (Medtronic MiniMed) | T2DM or hyperglycemia admitted to general wards on basal bolus insulin (n = 38) | Prospective Pilot RCT: blinded CGM vs POC glucose testing | Accuracy | Good agreement between CGM and POC glucose values; Clarke Error Grid analysis with 91.9% of values in Zone A or Zone B. Increased detection of hypoglycemic episodes with CGM (55 vs 12, P<.01). |
| Gu et al,18 2017 | Paradigm 722 or CGMS Gold (Medtronic MiniMed) | T2DM admitted to general wards for glycemic control (n = 81) | Prospective RCT: SAP vs MDI with blinded CGM | Glycemic control, time to target glucose | 21 SAP vs 6 MDI patients achieved glycemic targets within 3 d. SAP vs MDI had less hypoglycemia (sensor glucose <50 mg/dL: 0.04% vs 0.32%; P<.05) and hyperglycemia (sensor glucose >180 mg/dL: 21.56% vs 35.03%; P<.05). |
| Spanakis et al,19 2018 | DEXCOM G4 CGM with Share2 application (DEXCOM) | T2DM admitted to general wards on insulin therapy (n = 5) | Single-arm pilot trial of consecutive patients using glucose telemetry system (CGM alert at 85 mg/dL) | Glucose telemetry system feasibility | Prevention of potential hypoglycemia (CGM BG <70 mg/dL for >20 min) captured by alarm occurred in 2 patients (3 events). No patients had CGM glucose value <54 mg/dL. |
Conversion: mg/dL × 0.0555 = mmol/L.
Abbreviations: BG, blood glucose; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system; ICU, intensive care unit; MDI, multiple daily injections; POC, point of care; SAP, sensor-augmented pump; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus;