Fig. 4.

Monitoring of IL-6 and TNF-α secretion under the effect of chemical stimuli. Cytokine secretion by ELISA test of a) IL-6 concentration and b) normalized values by fold change (Treatment/Ctrol), and c) TNF-α concentration and d) normalized values by fold change of 2D differentiated myotubes under the effect of caffeine, Dex, and LPS. Continuous monitoring in integrated platform of e) IL6 secretion and TNF-α secretion concentration from 3D skeletal muscle constructs exposed to LPS (10 μg mL⁻¹) for 24 h. f) Fold change of IL-6 and TNF-α secretion was calculated to assess responsiveness of 3SM to stimulation with LPS. Trend of cytokine secretion drawn as a gray line (IL-6) and a black line (TNF-α). ANOVA test **p-value < 0.01. Data are shown by mean ± SD, (n = 4–6).