| B. cereus |
Meningitis following neurosurgery (n = 2). |
Surgical scrubs contaminated with spores. |
Barrie et al. (1992) |
| G. bronchialis |
Sternal infection in postoperative patients (n = 3). |
Surgical scrubs contaminated by a domestic washer-extractor machine colonised with G. bronchialis.
|
Wright et al. (2012) |
| MRSA |
MRSA infections across three wards (n = 25). |
Transmission from healthcare worker attire to patients or vice versa.
|
Osawa et al. (2003) |
| ESBL K. oxytoca
|
Colonisation of paediatric ward patients (n = 14). |
Knitted clothing laundered in a domestic washer-extractor machine colonised with K. oxytoca.
|
Schmithausen et al. (2019) |
| ESBL K. pneumoniae
|
Colonisation of rehabilitation centre patients (n = 14). |
Contamination of clothing and lifting slings from a colonised domestic washer-extractor machine; inadequate laundering parameters for soiled laundry (30–40 °C and detergent without activated oxygen bleach). |
Boonstra et al. (2020). |
|
Acinetobacter sp. |
Colonisation and/or infection of patients in a German hospital (n = 187). |
High-level contamination of pillows, which was resolved by switching the laundering cycles of the pillows from 60 °C to 85 °C. |
Weernink et al. (1995) |
| A. baumannii |
Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection outbreak in an intensive care unit (n = 13). |
Privacy curtains, bed surfaces, equipment and mop heads colonised with A. baumannii.
|
Das et al. (2002) |
| C. difficile |
Healthcare associated C. difficile infection in one hospital (n = 14). |
Washer-extractor machine programming error where bleach was not dispensed, leading to inadequate decontamination of mop heads. |
Sooklal, Khan & Kannangara (2014) |
| B. cereus |
B. cereus bacteraemia (n = 11). |
Contamination of linen by a continuous tunnel washer employing recycled water. |
Sasahara et al. (2011) |
| Colonisation of neonates with B. cereus in one UK hospital during the summer months (n = 42). |
Proliferation of B. cereus on used linen and inadequate decontamination during laundering with a continuous tunnel washer. |
Hosein et al. (2013) |
|
B. cereus outbreak in a Singapore hospital (n = 171). |
Proliferation of B. cereus on linen stored in air-tight plastic bags, and high levels of B. cereus in air samples. |
Balm et al. (2012) |
|
Rhizopius sp. |
Rhizopius sp. outbreak in hospital patients (n = 5). |
Linen contaminated post-laundering. |
Duffy et al. (2014) |
|
Rhizopius sp. outbreak in hospital patients (n = 4). |
Linen contaminated post-laundering by linen carts which were not cleaned routinely. |
Teal et al. (2016) |
| Invasive cutaneous Rhizopius sp. infection (n = 6). |
Linen contaminated post-laundering. |
Cheng et al. (2016) |
