Table 3.
Racial group comparisons for baseline demographic and substance use characteristics among injection heroin users
| Factors | All Participants (N = 373) | African American (n = 171) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 202) | Test Statistic | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | |||||
| Current Age | 41.5±9.9 | 46.8±6.5 | 37.1±10.0 | t=11.31 | <.001 |
| Sex (Male) | 69.4% (259) | 64.3% (110) | 73.8% (149) | χ2=3.88 | .049 |
| Education | 12.4±1.6 | 12.4±1.7 | 12.4±1.5 | t=0.139 | .889 |
| Substance Use Characteristics | |||||
| Age of Initial Cocaine Use | 24.3±8.2 | 28.5±5.1 | 21.0±6.5 | t=9.01 | <.001 |
| Age of Initial Heroin Use | 22.7±7.3 | 21.5±6.9 | 23.7±7.4 | t=2.92 | .004 |
| Gateway Adherent | 74.0% (276) | 62.6% (107) | 83.7% (169) | χ2=13.66 | <.001 |
| Heroin Use Characteristics | |||||
| Age of Regular Heroin Use | 24.8±7.7 | 24.1±7.9 | 25.3±7.6 | t=1.43 | .155 |
| Heroin Latency | 2.1±4.3 | 2.7±4.7 | 1.6±3.9 | t=3.75 | <.001 |
| Past-Month Heroin Frequency | 119.4±102.6 | 103.3±82.2 | 132.9±115.5 | t=3.52 | <.001 |
| Factor 1 Consequences | 1.8±1.6 | 1.6±1.5 | 2.0±1.6 | t=2.19 | .029 |
| Factor 2 Consequences | 2.1±1.6 | 1.6±1.6 | 2.5±1.5 | t=5.66 | <.001 |
| Factor 4 Consequences | 3.2±1.2 | 2.9±1.3 | 3.5±0.9 | t=5.57 | <.001 |
| Factor 5 Consequences | 0.6±0.8 | 0.6±0.8 | 0.7±0.8 | t=1.13 | .260 |
| Quit Attempts | 11.5±19.9 | 11.2±18.0 | 11.8±21.4 | t=0.45 | .648 |
| Ever Sought Treatment | 71.6% | 71.3% | 71.8% | χ2=0.042 | .837 |
Note. Means and standard deviations shown unless otherwise specified.