Table 3.
Protective measures taken by the participants during usual care of COVID-19 patients
| Protective measures | Covid-19 positive n = 98 |
Covid-19 negative n = 92 |
p value | OR [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Wore PPE (n = 186) | 90 (92.8) | 88 (98.9) | 0.066b | 0.146 [0.018–1.212] |
| Single-use gloves (n = 179) | 81 (90.0) | 80 (89.9) | 0.980a | 1.013 [0.382–2.682] |
| Medical/surgical mask (n = 181) | 89 (96.7) | 85 (95.5) | 0.717b | 1.396 [0.303–6.423] |
| Face-shield/goggles (n = 180) | 55 (59.8) | 68 (77.3) | 0.012a | 0.437 [0.228–0.837] |
| Disposable gown (n = 179) | 71 (78.9) | 69 (77.5) | 0.825a | 1.083 [0.533–2.203] |
| Proper “doning” and “doffing” of PPE (n = 173) | 59 (68.6) | 69 (79.3) | 0.109a | 0.570 [0.286–1.137] |
| Followed hand hygiene during patient care (n = 172) | 78 (92.9) | 83 (94.3) | 0.695a | 0.783 [0.230–2.670] |
| Followed HH during procedure (n = 164) | 75 (97.4) | 80 (92.0) | 0.175b | 3.281 [0.661–16.297] |
| Followed HH after body-fluid exposure (n = 154) | 67 (91.8) | 79 (97.5) | 0.151b | 0.283 [0.055–1.447] |
| Followed HH after touching fomites (n = 166) | 76 (93.8) | 77 (90.6) | 0.438a | 1.579 [0.494–5.045] |
| Decontaminated surroundings (n = 165) | 58 (72.5) | 74 (87.1) | 0.019a | 0.392 [0.176–0.873] |
aChi-square test; bFisher’s exact test