Table 2.

Potential consequences of co-administration of glucocorticoids (GCs) and therapeutic agents used against Sars-COV-2 infection (TAS) and effects on HPA axis

TAS	GCs-TAS interaction	Effects on HPA axis
Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Cobicistat	GCs increased bioavailability (fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone, triamcinolone, prednisone, prednisolone/ methylprednisolone, dexamethasone)	Potential impairment of HPA axis (ICS/AI)
Darunavir	GCs interference on darunavir plasma concentration^	–
Hydroxicloroquine	GCs interference on hydroxicloroquine plasma concentration^	–
Interferon alfa/beta	Potential effects on GCs bioavailability via modulation CYP3A expression/activity (in vitro)?^	Functional alteration of HPA axis^

^very limited data; ICS iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome; AI adrenal insufficiency