Table 2.

Potential hazards in the future of work

Work equipment and tools	How work is organized and managed	Employment status, hierarchies, and relationships	Characteristics of the workforce	Responsibilities for managing OSH	Skills, knowledge and information requirements
Exposure to hazardous substances	Flexibility blurring work/ life boundaries	Work casualization/online platforms	Dispersed workforce	Online platform economy	New skills and training needs
Exposure to physical hazards	Digital additions	Autonomous workers	Diverse workforce	Continuity of OSH surveillance and associated records	Lifelong learning
EMF	Digitalized management methods	Lone workers	Multidisciplinary working	Demonstration of compliance	Self-directed online learning
Manual handling	Performance pressure	Loss of social skills and cyber-bulling	Extended working life	Addressing performance enhancing drugs	Knowledge transfer
Sedentary work	Constant oversight	Collaborative employment	New workers	Privacy and confidentiality of sensor data	Deskilling
Workstation ergonomics	Privacy invasion	New collective bargaining methods	Inequality	Respondent to changing climate	Corporate learning
Risk intensification	Cyber security	Worker displacement	Disautomation of aging workers	OSH field not equipped to provide preventative guidance	Self-directed online learning
Control commands lost in transmission	Non-related stress	Unemployment	Discrimination of migrants
Human–machine interaction and cognitive demands			Discrimination of women workers
Unforeseen situations
Lack of transparency of algorithms
Lack of situational awareness
Malfunction caused by sabotage
Traumatic injuries
Mix of old and new technologies
Smart PPE
Over confidence
Physical discomfort
Work identified

Source: Adapted from Stacey et al. (2018).