Table 2.

Committee Recommendations for Future Respiratory Diagnostic Studies

Development of New and Innovative Diagnostics	Cost-effectiveness Studies of Available Tests	Definition of Optimal Testing Algorithms and AS Interventions
Novel biomarker discovery and host-response signatures that help separate viral, bacterial, fungal, and coinfections from colonization or no infection.	Prospective studies that capture both clinical outcomes and costs.	Studies combining host-response signatures or biomarkers with pathogen detection and active AS.
Continued refinement and analytical evaluation of unbiased next-generation sequencing platforms for use in clinical settings. Targeted tests for fungi, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and Nocardia.	Specific assessments of the impact of non–influenza virus detections, mixed infections, and bacterial pneumonia panels with antibiotic- resistance markers.	Prospective studies of AS interventions in conjunction with NAAT results and testing algorithms in the outpatient clinic, intensive care unit, and immunocompromised host settings.

Abbreviations: AS, antimicrobial stewardship; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test.