Table 1.
Representative studies addressing the acute cardiovascular manifestations of coronavirus infection and their clinical implications
| Outbreaks | First author and cohort size | Cardiovascular manifestations | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| SARS | Yu et al.5 (n = 121) | Hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, cardiomegaly, and arrhythmia | Mostly transient |
| Pan et al.6 (n = 15) | Cardiac arrest | Death | |
| Li et al.7 (n = 46) | Sub-clinical diastolic impairment without systolic involvement on echocardiography | Reversible on clinical recovery | |
| MERS | Alhogbani8 (n = 1) | Acute myocarditis and acute-onset heart failure | Recovered |
| COVID-19 | Huang et al.9 (n = 41) | Myocardial injury (manifesting with increased high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I) in five patients | Four patients required intensive care |
| Wang et al.10 (n = 138) | Acute cardiac injury (7.2%), shock (8.7%), and arrhythmia (16.7%) | Most patients required intensive care |