. 2020 Jun 25;41(41):4057–4070. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa460

Table 1.

Toxic compounds in smoke from tobacco cigarettes and waterpipe, and vapour from e-cigarettes (all references in this table can be found in the Supplementary material online with exactly identical numbering)

Toxic compound type	Toxic compound	Concentration range cigarette	Concentration range e-cigarette	Concentration range waterpipe
Carbonyls	Formaldehyde	7–10 μg/puff^2,32,180	0.12–82 µg/puff^181–184	0.21–0.65 µg/puff^185,186
	Acetaldehyde	50–140 μg/puff^2,32,180	0.2–53 µg/puff^181–184	2.0–5.5 µg/puff^185,186
	Acrolein	6–14 μg/puff^2,32,180	0.12–3.3 µg/puff^{181–184,187}	0.06–1.19 µg/puff^185,186
	Propionaldehyde	0.4–5.9 µg/puff^2,32,180	0.057–1.79 µg/puff^181,182	0.05–1.06 µg/puff^185,186
	Crotonaldehyde	1–2 μg/puff^2,32,180	ND–0.04 µg/puff¹⁸⁸	0.78–1.39 µg/puff¹⁸⁹
N-Nitrosamines	N′-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN)	0.5–370 ng/puff^2,32,180	ND–0.029 ng/puff^22,183,190	0.2 ng/puff^185,191
	N′-Nitrosoanabasine (NAB)	ND–15 ng/puff^2,32,180	ND–0.01 ng/puff^22,190	0.05 ng/puff^185,191
	4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK)	1.2–77 ng/puff^2,32,180	ND–0.019 ng/puff^22,183,190	0.27 ng/puff^185,191
	N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT)	0.8–16 ng/puff^2,32,180	ND–0.085 ng/puff^22,190	0.6 ng/puff^185,191
VOCs	Toluene	0.8–6.9 µg/puff^2,32,180	ND–1.53 µg/puff¹⁹²	0.058 µg/puff^185,193
	Benzene	0.6–4.5 µg/puff^2,32,180	ND–0.41 µg/puff¹⁹²	1.58 µg/puff^185,193
Inorganic compounds	Nickel	ND–60 ng/puff^2,32,180	0.1–6.4 ng/puff¹⁹⁴	9.9 ng/puff^185,195
	Cobalt	0.013–0.02 ng/puff^2,32,180	0.05–0.58 ng/puff¹⁹⁶	0.7 ng/puff^185,195
	Chromium	0.4–7 ng/puff^2,32,180	0.05–9 ng/puff¹⁹⁴	13.4 ng/puff^185,195
	Lead	3.4–8.5 ng/puff^2,32,180	0.16–3.8 ng/puff¹⁹⁷	68.7 ng/puff^185,195
	Carbon monoxide (CO)	1–2.3 mg puff^2,32,180	not applicable	1.15–1.67 mg/puff^40,185,186
PAHs	Benz[a]anthracene	2-7 ng/puff^2,32,180	Not applicable^a	1.3–1.6 ng/puff^40,185,191
	Benzo[b + k]fluoranthene	1–3.4 ng/puff^2,32,180	Not applicable^a	0.13–2.16 ng/puff^40,185,191
	Benzo[a]pyrene	2–4 ng/puff^2,32,180	Not applicable^a	0.78–1.79 ng/puff^40,185,191
	Dibenzo[a, h]anthracene	0.06–0.4 ng/puff^2,32,180	Not applicable^a	0.86–ng/puff^40,185,191
Nicotine		0.1–0.3 mg/puff^2,32,180	0–0.142 mg/puff¹⁹⁶	0–0.058 mg/puff^185,186,198
Particulate matter	TPM	0.1–1.7 mg/puff³²	0.87–5.8 mg/puff^199,200,b	1.8–9.3 mg/puff^40,198,201

PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; VOCs, volatile organic compounds.

Only a few studies find concentrations of PAHs in e-cigarette vapour that are close to the limit of quantification.

Liquid aerosol droplets.