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. 2020 Aug 13;6(2):veaa057. doi: 10.1093/ve/veaa057

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Evolutionary conservation of E ORF CpG content. MERS-CoV (green circle), SARS-CoV (blue circle) and SARS-CoV-2 and its bat sequence relative RaTG13 (purple circles) are indicated in all panels. (A), CpG O:E ratios for E ORF for 178 coronavirus E ORFs are plotted by host. (B), CpG O:E ratios for E ORF were divided by the genomic CpG O:E ratio for 178 coronavirus sequences and grouped by host. (C), Phylogenetic reconstruction of E ORF of human and bat coronaviruses. Maximum composite likelihood tree (100 bootstraps) representing the seven human-infecting coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 are indicated by black circles) and 96 bat coronaviruses for which E ORF could be identified by alignment with the human coronaviruses. CpG O:E ratios for the E gene are indicated by large font numbers, and the sequences to which they relate are either bracketed or represented by triangles scaled to indicate the number of sequences they represent.