Table 4. Utilities values used in the model.

Disease health state	Utility	Source
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)	0,800	[32]
Non-AMI ischemic event	0,800	[33]
Coronary heart disease (CHD)	0,939	[33]
Stroke	0,641	[32]
Stroke follow-up (annual)	0,740	[34]
Pneumonia/influenza	0,994	[35, 36]
Mild COPD (annual)	0,935	[32]
Moderate COPD (annual)	0,776	[37]
Severe COPD (annual)	0,689	[37]
Lung cancer	0,500	[38]
Esophageal cancer	0,630	[39, 40]
Stomach cancer	0,550	[41]
Pancreatic cancer	0,550	[42]
Kidney cancer	0,780	[43]
Laryngeal cancer	0,890	[44]
Leukemia	0,800	[45, 46]
Bladder cancer	0,780	[43]
Cervical cancer	0,940	[47]

AMI: acute myocardial infarction, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CHD: coronary heart disease.