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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Early Child Res Q. 2020 Jan 17;51:366–378. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.12.005

Table 3.

Social Communication Predictors of Vocabulary Production at 2 Years of Age

LDS Vocabulary Production (n = 408)
r R2 ΔR2 β sr2 Effect size (f2)a
               
Model 1: CSBS BS Age & Maternal Education .03* .03
               
CSBS Age −.17* −0.17* .03 .03
               
Maternal Education .07 0.06 --- ---
               
Model 2: CSBS BS Age, Maternal Education, & CSBS CQ .61*** .58 1.49
               
CSBS Age −.17* −0.03 ---
               
Maternal Education .07 −0.03 ---
               
CQ-Social .30*** −0.08 --- ---
               
CQ-Speech .78*** 0.77*** .38 .97
               
CQ-Symbolic .46*** 0.07 --- ---
               
Model 3: CSBS BS Age, Maternal Education, CSBS CQ, & CSBS BS .65*** .04 0.11
               
CSBS Age −.17* −0.03 ---
               
Maternal Education .07 −0.03 ---
               
CQ-Social .30*** −0.06 --- .00
               
CQ-Speech .78*** 0.56*** 0.10 .34
               
CQ-Symbolic .46*** 0.09 --- .00
               
BS-Social .25*** −0.07 --- .00
               
BS-Speech .67*** 0.29*** 0.04 .09
               
BS-Symbolic .35*** 0.04 --- .00
               

Note. LDS = Language Development Survey. CSBS = Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales. CQ = CSBS Caregiver Questionnaire. BS = CSBS Behavior Sample. Standard Scores: M = 10; SD = 3.

a

Effect size f2 = sr2/(1 - R2) for individual predictors; f2 = ΔR2/1 - R2 for R2 change; f2 = R2/(1-R2) overall; small f2 = .02, medium f2 = .15, and large f2 = .35 (Cohen, 1988).

*

p < .05;

**

p < .01;

***

p < .001