. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 28.

Published in final edited form as: Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res. 2018 Nov 18;31:9–14. doi: 10.1016/j.npbr.2018.11.002

Table 3.

Factor structure of the PHQ-9 among primary health clinic attendees in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (n=174)

PHQ-9¹ items	Factor Loadings
Factor 1: Depressed mood/ self-harm (explained 76% of variance)
Moving or speaking so slowly / being so fidgety and restless a lot more than usual	0.62
Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way	0.61
Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless	0.45
Factor 2: Physiological symptoms (explained 13% of variance)
Feeling tired or having little energy	0.63
Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or sleeping too much	0.52
Factor 3: Negative/impaired cognitions & anhedonia (explained 6% of variance)
Feeling bad about yourself, or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down	0.57
Trouble concentrating on things	0.56
Little interest or pleasure in doing things	0.50
Factor 4: Appetite (explained 5% of variance)
Poor appetite or over-eating	0.58

^1.

PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9