TABLE 1.

Descriptive analysis of household and individual characteristics, stratified by location of residence¹

	Total		Rural		Urban
Characteristic	%	n (1202)	%	n (861)	%	n (341)	P value2
Average age of respondent	27.9 ± 4.6	1202	27.5 ± 4.6	861	28.8 ± 4.5	341	<0.001
Religion—Hindu, %	84.53	1016	90.48	779	69.5	237	<0.001
Caste—higher, %	76.27	916	73.49	632	83.28	284	<0.001
Respondent's education, %							<0.001
No education	28.55	342	29.05	249	27.27	93
Primary or middle school	28.13	337	29.4	252	24.93	85
Secondary or high school	32.2	386	33.96	291	27.86	95
Graduate level or higher	11.1	133	7.58	65	19.94	68
Household head's education, %							<0.001
No education	26.6	317	30.18	258	17.56	59
Primary or middle school	24.4	291	24.91	213	23.21	78
Secondary or high school	28.6	340	27.37	234	31.55	106
Graduate level or higher	20.4	243	17.54	150	27.68	93
Average household size	7.1 ± 3.0	1202	7.1 ± 3.0	861	6.9 ± 2.9	341	0.221
Households living with extended family, %	60.7	730	61.44	529	58.94	201	0.424
Main income source—nonagriculture, %	67.2	808	57.26	493	92.38	315	<0.001
Primary light source—electricity, %	82.6	962	78.37	652	93.09	310	<0.001
Primary fuel source—LPG/natural gas, %	39.4	473	22.65	195	81.52	278	<0.001
Primary water source, %							<0.001
Tube well/bore well	78.4	942	87.22	751	56.01	191
Piped into dwelling or yard	9.2	149	5.9	51	28.7	98
Regularly utilizes PDS, %	80.2	964	84.2	725	70.09	239	<0.001
Perception of PDS ration quality, %
Poor rice quality	17.36	155	14.52	99	26.54	56	<0.001
Poor wheat quality	6.71	61	6.46	44	7.46	17	0.732
Poor kerosene quality	1.84	12	1.69	9	2.52	3	0.587
Poor DFS quality	64.66	525	61.66	378	73.87	147	0.005
Households with any DFS stock currently present, %	55.66	669	60.74	523	42.82	146	<0.001
Average no. of salt types present in household	1.4 ± 0.5	1202	1.4 ± 0.5	861	1.3 ± 0.5	341	0.001

¹Values are means ± SDs or percentages (%). DFS, double fortified salt; LPG, liquefied petroleum gas; PDS, Public Distribution System.

² P value indicates difference between rural and urban estimates.