Table 2A.

Characteristics of Included RCTs: Trial Types, Lasers Used, and Efficacy

1st Author	Year	Country	N	Condition	Laser Type	Wave type	Wavelength	Output	Density	Dose	Efficacy
Basford17	1987	USA	81	Thumb osteoarthritis	Low-energy helium neon laser	Continuous	632.8 nm	0.9 mW	—	—	Negative
Naeser26	2002	USA	11	Carpal tunnel syndrome pain	Low level laser (Red-beam laser/infrared laser)	Continuous	632.8 nm or 904 nm	15 mW & 9.4 W	225 J/cm2 or 1.81–0.04 J/cm2	7 J/point	Positive
Quah-Smith30	2005	Australia	30	Mild-to-moderate depression	Low level infrared laser	—	—	100 mW	—	0.5 J/point	Positive
Ebneshahidi18	2005	Iran	50	Chronic tension-type headache	Infrared laser (Ga-As-Al)	Continuous	830 nm	39 mW	13J/cm2	1.3 J/point	Positive
Stockert35	2007	Australia	17	Pediatric asthma	Diodes soft laser	—	670 nm	10 mW	—	—	Positive
Gottschling21	2008	Germany	43	Pediatric headache	Infrared laser	Continuous	830 nm	30 mW	3.8 W/cm2	0.9 J/point	Positive
Glazov19	2009	Australia	100	Nonspecific low-back pain	Infrared laser(Ga-As-Al)	Continuous	830 nm	10 mW	0.05 W/cm2	0.2 J/point	Negative
Radvanska31	2011	Denmark	31	Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis	Laser acupuncture	—	670 nm	10 mV	—	—	Negative
Moustafa25	2013	Egypt	40	Pediatric allergic rhinitis	Low-level infrared laser	Frequent	905 nm	30 W	10,000-Hz frequency	0.12 J/point	Positive
Quah-Smith29	2013	Australia	16	Differential brain effects	Moxla prototype fibrotic infrared light laser	Continuous	808 nm	20 mW	—	—	Negative
Quah-Smith28	2013	Australia	20	Major depression	Low-level infrared laser	Continuous	808 nm	25 mW	—	0.5 J/point	Negative
Quah-Smith27	2013	Australia	47	Major depression	Low-level infrared laser	Continuous	808 nm	100 mW	—	1 J/point	Positive
Hinman22	2014	Australia	282	Chronic knee pain	Low-level red light laser	—	—	10mW	—	0.2 J/point	Negative
Glazov20	2014	Australia	144	Nonspecific chronic low-back pain	Low-dose infrared laser	Continuous	830 nm	20 mW	0.1 W/cm2	0, 0.2, or 0.8 J/point	Negative
Al Rashoud16	2014	Scotland	49	Knee osteoarthritis	Low-dose infrared laser	—	830 nm	30-mW	4J/cm2	1.2 J/point	Positive
Raith32	2015	Austria	28	Neonatal abstinence syndrome	Infrared laser	Continuous	675 nm	10 mW	17 or 34 J/cm2	0.3 or 0.6 J/point	Positive
Hung23	2016	China	66	Postpartum weight	Infrared laser	—	810 nm	150 mW	5W/cm2	0.375 J/point	Negative
Srilestari34	2017	Indonesia	36	Diabetic foot ulcer	Low-level diode laser(Red light laser)	—	630 nm	100 mW	—	4 J/point	Positive
Mihardja24	2017	Indonesia	29	Plasma levels of β-endorphin in healthy subjects	Infrared laser	Continuous	785 nm	50 mW	20 or 35–40 mW/cm2	4 J/point	Positive
Goel36	2017	India	40	Pediatric gag reflex	Low-level laser (diode laser)	Continuous	940 nm	0.5 mW	—	4 J/point	Positive
Sampaio-Filho33	2018	Brazil	84	Postoperative pain in third molar surgery	Low-level laser (red diode laser )	—	660 nm (± 10 nm)	100 mW	35.4 mW/cm2	1 J/point	Positive

RCTs, randomized controlled trials; AEs, adverse events; Ga-As-Al, gallium-arsenide-aluminium.