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Schematic effect of H19 on vascular SMC apoptosis in AAA disease. H19 induces AAA progression by promoting Hif1α translation in the nucleus under the influence of SP1 recruitment. In the cytoplasm, HIF1α protein is transcribed and inhibits MDM2. This results in reduced degradation of p53, leading to SMC apoptosis and AAA formation (71). HIF1α, hypoxia-induced factor 1α; MDM2, murine double minute 2; SP1, specificity protein 1. Color images are available online.
