Table 2.

Major vitamins and minerals deficiencies after bariatric surgery: clinical manifestations and estimated frequency according to the bariatric procedure. (Adapted from Reference [3]

Deficiency	Key Clinical Manifestations	Procedure-related frequency
Iron	Microcytic Anemia	AGB + SG ++ RYGB, BPD, BPD/DS +++
Vitamin B12	Megaloblastic Anemia Neurologic abnormalities	SG, RYGB, BPD, BPD/DS ++
Vitamin D (and Calcium)	Bone demineralization Increased risk of fractures	RYGB, ++ BPD, BPD/DS +++
Vitamin A	Ocular xerosis Night blindness symptoms	BPD, BPD/DS +++
Vitamin E	Anemia, Ophthalmoplegia Peripheral neuropathy	BPD, BPD/DS +++
Vitamin K	Easy bleeding	BPD, BPD/DS +

AGB: adjustable gastric banding; SG: sleeve gastrectomy; RYGB: gastric bypass; BPD: biliopancreatic diversion; BPD/DS: biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch