Table 2.
Patient characteristics before and after propensity score matching between diabetes patients and non-diabetic controls in the PREVEND study
| Type 2 DM (n = 288) | Non-diabetic controls (n = 5352) | P* | SMD† | Controls after matching (n = 288) | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-terminal FGF23, (RU/mL) | 75.6 (61.3–91.8) | 67.9 (55.9–85.0) | < 0.001 | 0.12 | 70.8 (58.0–85.8)§ | 0.16 |
| Age, (yrs)‡ | 62 ± 10 | 52 ± 11 | < 0.001 | 0.95 | 61.7 ± 10.8 | 0.001 |
| Men, n (%)‡ | 144 (50) | 2462 (46) | 0.10 | 0.08 | 150 (52) | 0.04 |
| BMI, (kg/m2) ‡ | 29.4 (26.4–32.5) | 25.8 (23.5–28.7) | < 0.001 | 0.79 | 29.0 (26.3–32.9) | 0.02 |
| Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 137 ± 20 | 124 ± 18 | < 0.001 | 0.68 | 138 ± 21 | 0.03 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 76 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 | < 0.001 | 0.38 | 77 ± 9 | 0.04 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI), (mL/min/1.73m2)‡ | 85.4 (74.3–98.2) | 93.8 (80.7–108.4) | < 0.001 | 0.44 | 85.6 (74.8–97.0) | 0.04 |
| Plasma phosphate, (mmol/L)‡ | 1.02 ± 0.2 | 1.02 ± 0.3 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 1.04 ± 0.5 | 0.07 |
| Plasma PTH, (pmol/L) | 5.0 (4.2–5.9) | 4.9 (4.1–5.8) | 0.13 | 0.08 | 5.2 (4.1–6.1) | 0.03 |
| Plasma vitamin D3, (nmol/L)‡ | 45.5 (33.4–62.5) | 53.6 (38.3–72.3) | < 0.001 | 0.33 | 47.4 (34.3–63.6) | 0.04 |
| Urinary P excretion, (mmol/24 h)‡ | 15 (10–21) | 15 (10–22) | 0.23 | 0.07 | 14 (10–22) | 0.03 |
Propensity score-based matching (1:1) with all covariates displayed in the table
*P value represents differences between the groups before matching assessed by student’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test for nominal and non-normally distributed data, respectively. Chi-squared test was used for categorical variables
† The standardized mean difference (SMD) compares the difference in the mean in units of the standard deviation of both groups. SMD <0.1 after matching represents a negligible difference of the covariate between the groups
§ P < 0.001 between the groups after propensity score matching using Mann–Whitney U test
Abbreviations: SMD standardized mean difference, FGF23 fibroblast growth factor 23; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HS CRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, PTH parathyroid hormone, vitamin D3, 25-OH, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, P phosphate, ACR albumin-to-creatinine ratio