Table 3.
PLD Enzymatic Activity, MMP-9, MMP-9 Promoter Activity of MTR, MTS, MTL and MTF-GNPs
| Cells | PLD Activity (% of Control) | MMP-9 Relative Luciferase Activity (Fold) | PLD-1 Relative Luciferase Activity (Fold) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | SK-Hep-1 | HepG2 | SK-Hep-1 | HepG2 | SK-Hep-1 | |
| Control | 100 | 100 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| TGF-β | 271.7 ± 10.8 | 211.4 ± 12.1 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.5 |
| MTR + TGF-β | 208.3 ± 14.0* | 163.9 ± 11.7** | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.1* | 4.1 ± 0.3* | 4.1 ± 0.4* |
| MTR-GNP + TGF-β | 137.1 ± 6.68** | 112.4 ± 2.9** | 1.7 ± 0.1** | 1.4 ± 0.1** | 2.6 ± 0.4* | 2.8 ± 0.2** |
| MTS + TGF-β | 199.0 ± 14.6* | 151.7 ± 9.7** | 2.5 ± 0.2* | 1.9 ± 0.2* | 3.9 ± 0.4* | 3.9 ± 0.2* |
| MTS-GNP + TGF-β | 133.2 ± 8.0** | 105.9 ±3.3** | 1.6 ± 0.1** | 1.4 ± 0.1** | 2.9 ± 0.2* | 2.4 ± 0.1** |
| MTL + TGF-β | 223.5 ± 13.1* | 171.0 ± 10.3** | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2* | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.1 |
| MTL-GNP + TGF-β | 187.8 ± 7.4** | 150.1 ± 5.8** | 2.2 ± 0.1** | 1.7 ± 0.2** | 4.2 ± 0.2* | 3.4 ± 0.2* |
| MTF + TGF-β | 211.3 ± 11.7* | 172.2 ± 7.6** | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.4 |
| MTF-GNP + TGF-β | 188.5 ± 5.8** | 150.4 ± 4.6** | 2.2 ± 0.1* | 1.9 ± 0.2** | 4.2 ± 0.1* | 3.6 ± 0.5* |
Notes: PLD enzymatic activity was determined by Amplex Red phospholipase D assay kit in HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 cells. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to the TGF-β group.
Abbreviations: TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinases −9; PLD, phospholipase D; MTR-, MTS-, MTL- and MTF-GNPs, Maclura tricuspidata root-, stem-, leaves- and fruits-extract-gold nanoparticles.