TABLE 4.

Exercise Hemodynamics

	Control Subjects (n = 146)	HFpEFno-AF (n = 181)	HFpEFparox-AF (n = 49)	HFpEFperm-AF (n = 48)	p Value
Pressure data, mm Hg
PCWP mean	14 ± 5*	32 ± 6	32 ± 6	32 ± 5	<0.0001
Peak a-wave	18 ± 5*	36 ± 9	35 ± 8	–	<0.0001
Nadir x-descent	12 ± 5*	28 ± 8	27 ± 6	29 ± 6	<0.0001
Peak v-wave	21 ± 8*	47 ± 13	51 ± 14	52 ± 13	<0.0001
Nadir y-descent	13 ± 5*	29 ± 8	27 ± 7	28 ± 5	<0.0001
RA mean	7 ± 4*	18 ± 7	19 ± 7	23 ± 9†	<0.0001
PA mean	26 ± 8*	45 ± 11	47 ± 11	48 ± 9	<0.0001
PA systolic	42 ± 13*	63 ± 16	67 ± 17	69 ± 12	<0.0001
RA/PCWP	0.50 ± 0.25	0.56 ± 0.17	0.59 ± 0.22	0.71 ± 0.22†‡	<0.0001
LVTMP	7 ± 4†§	14 ± 6‡∥	14 ± 8	9 ± 7†§	<0.0001
o2 transport
Vo2, ml/min	933 ± 323*	819 ± 266	756 ± 233	745 ± 252	0.0006
Vo2, ml/min/kg	11.7 ± 4.2*	9.0 ± 3.1	8.3 ± 2.2	8.6 ± 3.1	<0.0001
AVo2diff, ml/dl	9.2 ± 2.0	9.3 ± 2.1	10.0 ± 2.2	11.1 ± 2.0†‡	<0.0001
HR, beats/min	117 ± 25*	101 ±17‡§	92 ± 15	94 ± 21	<0.0001
CO, l/min	10.3 ± 3.8*	9.2 ± 2.9*	7.7 ± 2.7	6.5 ± 2.4	<0.0001
ΔCO/ΔVo2, ml/ml	6.8 (5.0–7.9)*	5.9 (4.2–6.8)	4.7 (2.9–7.4)	4.4 (2.0–5.1)†‡	<0.0001
CO, % predicted	113 (83–131)*	99 (69–114)	79 (49–123)	73 (33–85)†‡	<0.0001
SV, ml	89 ± 32	91 ± 29	86 ± 33	71 ± 28†‡	0.002
SVI, ml/m2	46 ± 14	45 ± 12	42 ± 13	36 ± 14†‡	0.0002
CI, l/min*m2	5.4 ± 1.9*	4.6 ± 1.3*	3.8 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 1.1	<0.0001
Afterload
PVR, dynes/s/cm−5	105 ± 74	134 ± 104	182 ± 119#*	232 ± 132#*	<0.0001
PAC, ml/mm Hg	3.6 ± 2.1*	2.6 ± 1.2	2.2 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 0.8†‡	<0.0001
PA Ea, mm Hg/ml	0.5 ± 0.2*	0.8 ± 0.4*	0.9 ± 0.4‡∥	1.1 ± 0.6*	<0.0001

Values are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). Correction for multiple hypothesis testing was not performed.

^*p < 0.05 vs. all by Tukey’s test.

^†p < 0.05 vs. sinus HFpEF by Tukey’s test.

^‡p < 0.05 vs. control subjects by Tukey’s test.

^§p < 0.05 vs. HFpEF_parox-AF by Tukey’s test.

^∥p < 0.05 vs. HFpEF_perm-AF by Tukey’s test.

AVo₂diff = •••; other abbreviations as in Tables 1 and 3.