TABLE 5.

LA Structure and Function

	Control Subjects (n = 146)	HFpEFno-AF (n = 181)	HFpEFparox-AF (n = 49)	HFpEFperm-AF (n = 48)	p Value
LA reservoir function
Volume/strain
LA maximal volume, ml	44 ± 16*	52 ± 19*	71 ± 30*	97 ± 41*	<0.0001
LA minimum volume, ml	18 ± 9*	24 ± 15*	44 ± 24*	74 ± 33*	<0.0001
LA reservoir volume, ml	27 ± 9	28 ± 10	28 ± 15	23 ± 18	0.06
LA expansion index, %	163 (122–209)	147 (89–200)†‡	72 (39–104)*	34 (15–54)*	<0.0001
LA total EF, %	62 ± 11*	57 ± 15*	40 ± 16*	24 ± 14*	<0.0001
LA reservoir strain, %	40 ± 13*	35 ± 15*	23 ± 11*	12 ± 6*	<0.0001
Pressure, mm Hg
LA x-v height rest	5 ± 3*	8 ± 6*	10 ± 7	13 ± 7§∥	<0.0001
LA x-v height exercise	9 ± 5*	19 ± 10†§	24 ± 12	22 ± 11	<0.0001
Pressure-volume relation
LA volume compliance, ml/mm Hg	5.5 (3.9–9.5)*	4.3 (2.4– 8.5)*	2.2 (1.4–4.2)	1.7 (0.9–3.5)§∥	<0.0001
LA strain compliance, %/mm Hg	9.3 (5.7–13.7)*	5.7 (2.8–9.6)*	1.7 (1.1–4.0)*	1.2 (0.7–1.4)*	<0.0001
LA conduit function
Volume/strain
LA pre A volume, ml	30 ± 13*	37 ± 16*	56 ± 25*	–	<0.0001
LA passive volume, ml	14 ± 7	15 ± 8	16 ± 12	–	0.5
LA passive EF, %	33 ± 13	30 ± 14	22 ± 13*	–	<0.0001
LA conduit strain, %	22 ± 10*	19 ± 11	14 ± 6	–	<0.0001
Pressure, mm Hg
LA v-y height rest	4 ± 3*	7 ± 7*	10 ± 7*	14 ± 8 *	<0.0001
LA v-y height exercise	8 ± 5*	18 ± 10*	24 ± 12	23 ± 11§∥	<0.0001
LA booster function
Volume/strain
LA booster volume, ml	13 ± 6	14 ± 7	13 ± 10	–	0.5
LA active EF, %	42 ± 11	39 ± 14	25 ± 17*	–	<0.0001
LA booster strain, %	17 ± 8	17 ± 9	10 ± 6*	–	<0.0001
Pressure, mm Hg
LA y-a height rest	3.2 ± 1.9	5.0 ± 2.6§	4.3 ± 3.0§	–	<0.0001
LA y-a height exercise	5.7 ± 3.8	7.6 ± 4.8§	8.0 ± 6.6§	–	0.0007

Values are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). Correction for multiple hypothesis testing was not performed.

^*p < 0.05 vs. all by Tukey’s test.

^†p < 0.05 vs. HFpEF_parox-AF by Tukey’s test.

^‡p < 0.05 vs. HFpEF_perm-AF by Tukey’s test.

^§p < 0.05 vs. control subjects by Tukey’s test.

^∥p < 0.05 vs. sinus HFpEF by Tukey’s test.