Table 1.
Basic characteristics from the enrolled participants.
| Characteristics | GPa with normal workload (N=22) | GP with high workload (N=19) | Anesthesiologist (N=13) | Graduated nurse (N=26) | P value | |||
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Working with an anesthesiologist (N=11) | Working in the surgery room (N=15) |
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| Age (years), mean (SD) | 47.1 (6.6) | 47.2 (7.5) | 45.6 (9.0) | 42.6 (8.4) | 39.3 (6.5) | .020 | ||
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 67.8 (12.5) | 64.4 (9.6) | 66.8 (12.9) | 60.2 (6.9) | 66.4 (13.2) | .389 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.8 (4.2) | 23.8 (3.7) | 23.0 (2.7) | 22.1 (1.9) | 24.8 (4.0) | .177 | ||
| Working hours/month, mean (SD) | 166.7 (16.5) | 232.4 (43.0) | 228.4 (62.2) | 260.0 (33.9) | 209.6 (45.4) | <.001 | ||
| Overworking time (hours), mean (SD) | 8.7 (12.7) | 72.4 (43.0) | 70.2 (57.0) | 100.0 (33.9) | 49.6 (45.4) | <.001 | ||
| Workload law |
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<.001 | ||
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≤169 hours, n (%) | 15 (68) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 0 (0) | 4 (27) |
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170-188 hours, n (%) | 6 (27) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
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189-201 hours, n (%) | 1 (5) | 8 (42) | 2 (15) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
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>201 hours, n (%) | 0 (0) | 11 (58) | 9 (69) | 11 (100) | 7 (47) |
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| STAI-Xb, mean (SD) | 46.0 (3.5) | 45.8 (4.4) | 46.4 (6.0) | 43.8 (5.0) | 42.9 (6.3) | .149 | ||
| SWLSc, mean (SD) | 24.9 (6.5) | 27.2 (5.3) | 26.8 (4.1) | 26.5 (5.6) | 20.9 (6.8) | .056 | ||
| QoSd in the last night, mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.1) | 4.1 (0.7) | 3.7 (1.3) | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.2) | .011 | ||
| QoS 3 days ago, mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.0) | 4.1 (0.7) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.6 (0.8) | 2.9 (0.8) | .009 | ||
| QoS in the last month, mean (SD) | 3.2 (4.8) | 2.1 (4.2) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.8) | 3.4 (0.8) | .369 | ||
| Physical fitness: VO2maxe (mL/kg/min), mean (SD) | 37.9 (4.7) | 36.5 (7.0) | 39.2 (9.1) | 38.5 (6.4) | 36.3 (7.8) | .819 | ||
| Time: Rockport test (min:s), mean (SD) | 14:32 (01:23) | 14:10 (01:15) | 13:43 (01:04) | 13:46 (00:26) | 14:58 (00:56) | .027 | ||
| HRf: Rockport test, mean (SD) | 130.6 (20.9) | 128.8 (23.4) | 135.0 (18.8) | 136.1 (26.0) | 128.7 (25.2) | .933 | ||
| HR/HRmax (%), mean (SD) | 75.3 (11.9) | 74.3 (13.8) | 78.1 (10.8) | 76.9 (14.6) | 71.1 (13.0) | .674 | ||
| S-cortisol (nmol/L), mean (SD) | 545.9 (130.6) | 654.5 (234.8) | 547.8 (145.2) | 492.7 (165.2) | 700.4 (268.4) | .017 | ||
aGP: general practitioner.
bSTAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
cSWLS: Satisfaction with Life Scale.
dQoS: quality of sleep.
eVO2max: maximal oxygen consumption.
fHR: heart rate.