FIGURE 1.

Effects of honey on the physical features in loperamide‐induced constipated mice. (a) Study design. Except for control mice (n = 10), mice were oral gavaged with loperamide (5 mg/kg) once each day from day 1 to day 5 to induce constipation. Additionally, mice in the honey group (n = 10) were also intragastrically administered honey (7.5 g/kg) once each day from day 1 to day 12. Mice in the control and constipation groups were given 0.2 ml PBS as vehicle. (b) The body weight, (c) fecal water content, and (D) intestinal transit rate of mice were measured in each group at days 5 and 12. *p < .05; **p < .01, data represent mean ± SEM of ten mice in each group