Table 3.
Age-adjusted factors associated with mortality and needs of mechanical ventilator amongst COVID-19 patients
| Covariate | Mortality | Mechanical ventilation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation coefficient (95% CI); p value | Odds ratio e^coefficient | Analogous index (R2) | Heterogeneity I2 (%)#; Cochran’s Qmodel; Tau2unexplained | Correlation coefficient (95% CI); p value | Odds ratio e^coefficient | Analogous index (R2) | Heterogeneity I2 (%)#; Cochran’s Qmodel; Tau2unexplained | |
| Male vs. female | 0.14 (0.07–0.21); 0.0001 | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) | 0.28 | 95.24; 35.08; 0.49 | 0.08 (0.02–0.14); 0.0140 | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 0 | 95.16; 23.57; 0.55 |
| Intensive care unit | 0.03 (0.02–0.05); 0.0001 | 1.03 (1.03–1.05) | 0.24 | 95.21; 27.4; 0.52 | 0.02 (− 0.0003–0.05); 0.0531 | 1.02 (0.9997–1.05) | 0.15 | 92.45; 23.72; 0.69 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0.05 (0.03–0.07); 0.0000 | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | 0.68 | 89.80; 44.64; 0.30 | – | – | – | – |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Smoking | − 0.08 (− 0.13--0.03); 0.0021 | 0.9 (0.88–0.97) | 0.32 | 94.18; 13.48; 0.65 | − 0.05 (− 0.07–0.02); 0.0000 | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 0.75 | 80.45; 35.99; 0.12 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.02 (− 0.06–0.10); 0.6027 | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 0 | 96.08; 9.63; 0.69 | 0.02 (− 0.07–0.11); 0.6664 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0 | 96.39; 9.06; 0.80 |
| Hypertension | 0.001 (− 0.06–0.06); 0.9685 | 1 (0.94–1.06) | 0 | 95.99; 4.44; 0.78 | 0.01 (− 0.07–0.09); 0.8161 | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 0 | 95.98; 5.70; 0.64 |
| Malignancy | − 0.16 (− 0.34–0.03); 0.0945 | 0.85 (0.71–1.03) | 0.04 | 96.59; 9.49; 0.54 | − 0.18 (− 0.40–0.04); 0.1169 | 0.84 (0.67–1.04) | 0 | 96.51; 8.92; 0.54 |
| Pulmonary disease | 0.0002 (− 0.05–0.06); 0.9955 | 1 (0.95–1.06) | 0 | 96.58; 8.23; 0.62 | 0.01 (− 0.05–0.07); 0.7233 | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0 | 96.83; 9,53; 0.74 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.35 (0.13–0.57); 0.0018 | 1.42 (1.14–1.77) | 0.32 | 96.11; 16.46; 0.73 | 0.29 (0.09–0.49); 0.0038 | 1.34 (1.09–1.63) | 0.57 | 93.43; 14.74; 0.57 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0.08 (0.01–0.16); 0.0259 | 1.08 (1.01–1.17) | 0.27 | 96.23; 13.65; 0.85 | 0.08 (0.03–0.13); 0.0033 | 1.08 (1.03–1.17) | 0.38 | 94.40; 26.83; 0.38 |
| Cardiovascular disease | − 0.01 (− 0.13–0.11); 0.8772 | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | 0 | 96.31; 1.4; 1.71 | 0.28 (0.1–0.46); 0.0028 | 1.32 (1.1–1.58) | 0.34 | 89.69; 11.67; 0.43 |
| Complications | ||||||||
| Pneumonia | − 0.003 (− 0.03–0.02); 0.8204 | 0.997 (0.97–1.02) | 0 | 96.13; 6.84; 1.83 | − 0.01 (− 0.03–0.02); 0.5806 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0 | 96.37; 7.1; 1.53 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 0.04 (0.02–0.06); 0.0005 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 0.60 | 90.28; 23.16; 0.47 | 0.04 (0.03–0.06); 0.0000 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | 0.88 | 77.34; 51.89; 0.1362 |
| Septic shock | 0.099 (0.02–0.18); 0.0149 | 1.10 (1.02–1.2) | 0.77 | 78.12; 11.93; 0.38 | * | |||
| Secondary infection | − 0.01 (− 0.11–0.08); 0.7953 | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 0 | 96.22; 0.21; 1.34 | − 0.05 (− 0.13–0.02); 0.1771 | 0.95 (0.88–0.98) | 0 | 94.13; 3.3; 0.85 |
| Cardiac complications | 0.01 (− 0.08–0.10); 0.7615 | 1.01(0.92–1.11) | 0 | 94.81; 2.24; 1.79 | − 0.02 (− 0.10–0.06); 0.5831 | 0.98 (0.9–1.06) | 0 | 94.47; 2.35; .1.30 |
Meta-regression models are based on random effects
*Not enough data to run the analysis
#Statistically significant at p < 0.001