TABLE 3.
Anthropometric indicators and sources of reference values for assessing overweight/obesity or noncommunicable disease risk from 239 articles assessing the double burden of malnutrition in adults and children1
| Anthropometric | Source | Number of articles |
|---|---|---|
| indicator | (refs 48–50) | n (%) |
| BMI | 162 (68) | |
| WHO | 103 | |
| NCHS/CDC | 2 | |
| IOTF | 23 | |
| Other2 or unspecified | 34 | |
| BMI-for-age z-score | 86 (36) | |
| WHO | 73 | |
| NCHS/CDC | 2 | |
| IOTF | 4 | |
| Other or unspecified | 7 | |
| BMI-for-age percentile | 29 (13) | |
| WHO | 10 | |
| NCHS/CDC | 12 | |
| IOTF | 2 | |
| Other or unspecified | 5 | |
| Waist circumference | 8 (3) | |
| WHO | 3 | |
| Other or unspecified | 5 | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 6 (3) | |
| WHO | 1 | |
| Other or unspecified | 5 |
1
Some articles presented multiple indicators of overweight/obesity so percentage total is greater than 100. IOTF, International Obesity Task Force; NCHS/CDC, National Center for Health Statistics/CDC.
2
Sources were classified as “other” if they were sourced from uncommon literature sources, such as citing a single article for country-specific cutoff values for BMI.