Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without AF recurrence.
| Characteristics | Recurrence (n = 37) | No recurrence (n = 113) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characters | |||
| Age (years) | 69 ± 9 | 63 ± 11 | 0.005∗ |
| Male, n (%) | 18 (48.6) | 67 (59.3) | 0.257 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 0.489 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 80 ± 16 | 82 ± 16 | 0.457 |
| AF duration (months) | 24 (5~84) | 13 (3~57) | 0.152 |
| Persistent AF, n (%) | 23 (62.2) | 39 (34.5) | 0.003∗ |
| Stroke, n (%) | 15 (40.5) | 30 (26.5) | 0.107 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 26 (70.3) | 68 (60.2) | 0.271 |
| Hyperlipemia, n (%) | 15 (40.5) | 39 (34.5) | 0.507 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 13 (35.1) | 22 (19.5) | 0.051 |
| CHD, n (%) | 8 (21.6) | 11 (9.7) | 0.059 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 6 (16.2) | 13 (11.5) | 0.643 |
| CHF, n (%) | 5 (13.5) | 5 (4.4) | 0.123 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3 (2~4.5) | 2 (1~3) | 0.004∗ |
| HASBLED score | 1 (1~2) | 1 (0~1) | 0.016∗ |
| Medications | |||
| NOAC, n (%) | 26 (70.3) | 107 (94.7) | <0.001∗ |
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 26 (70.3) | 91 (80.5) | 0.191 |
| β-Blockers, n (%) | 15 (40.5) | 51 (45.1) | 0.625 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 15 (40.5) | 46 (40.7) | 0.986 |
| CCB, n (%) | 17 (45.9) | 35 (31.0) | 0.097 |
| Laboratory results | |||
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 0.414 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.7 (5.1~6.4) | 5.3 (4.8~6.0) | 0.075 |
| HbAlc (%) | 6.1 (5.8~6.6) | 6.0 (5.7~6.4) | 0.341 |
| Cr (mg/dl) | 0.90 ± 0.16 | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 0.866 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.09 (0.44~3.09) | 0.96 (0.38~2.94) | 0.514 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 885.0 (228.3~1628.0) | 248.0 (94.3~604.9) | <0.001∗ |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.7 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 0.829 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 74 ± 11 | 81 ± 13 | 0.010∗ |
| UA (umol/L) | 345 (295~448) | 346 (286~402) | 0.707 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||
| LAD (mm) | 41 ± 4 | 38 ± 4 | <0.001∗ |
| LAA (cm2) | 26 ± 7 | 22 ± 4 | 0.005∗ |
| LVEDD (mm) | 48 ± 4 | 47 ± 4 | 0.752 |
| LAP (mmHg) | 11 (9~14) | 10 (9~11) | 0.049∗ |
| LVEF (%) | 68 (64~71) | 70 (67~73) | 0.036∗ |
| RAA (cm2) | 20 (16~23) | 16 (15~19) | <0.001∗ |
| RVD (mm) | 21.2 (20.0~23.7) | 21.0 (19.2~22.5) | 0.428 |
| LAAV (m/s) | 0.35 (0.28~0.46) | 0.50 (0.30~0.65) | 0.004∗ |
| Electrophysiological study data | |||
| Ablation time (s) | 2298 (1846~2887) | 2248 (1945~2971) | 0.619 |
| Heparin dosage (IU) | 7000 (7000~8000) | 7000 (7000~7000) | 0.386 |
| CPVI-only, n (%) | 14 (37.8) | 72 (63.7) | 0.006∗ |
AF: atrial fibrillation; BMI: body mass index; CHD: coronary heart disease; CHF: chronic heart failure; NOAC: new oral anticoagulants; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; WBC: white blood cell; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbAlc: hemoglobin A1c; Cr: creatinine; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reaction protein; NT-proBNP: N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; LAD: left atrial diameter; LAA: left atrial area; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LAP: left atrial pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; RAA: right atrial area; RVD: right ventricular diameter; LAAV: left atrial appendage flow velocity; CPVI: circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. ∗P < 0.05.