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. 2020 Jul 20;79(9):1143–1151. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218479

Table 4.

Outcomes

Treated group
n=86
Control group
n=86
P value*
Primary outcome
Clinical improvement (2 points) in WHO score 64 44 0.0025
 Daily incidence rate (95% CI) 6.9% (5.4% to 8.8%) 4.0% (3.0% to 5.4%)
 25% improvement time (days) 6 8
 50% improvement time (days) 11 18
Key secondary outcomes
Hospital mortality 14 41 0.0004
 Daily incidence rate (95% CI) 1.4% (0.9% to 2.4%) 3.5% (2.6% to 4.7%)
 25% survival time (days) 16 5
 50% survival time (days) 18
Mechanical ventilation 10 24 0.0003
 Daily incidence rate (95% CI) 1.3% (0.7% to 2.5%) 5.4% (3.6% to 8.0%)
 25% survival time (days) 3
 50% survival time (days) -
Other key secondary outcomes
Clinical improvement (1 point) in WHO score 69 45 0.0003
 Daily incidence rate (95% CI) 8.6% (6.8% to 10.9%) 4.6% (3.4% to 6.2%)
 25% improvement time (days) 5 7
 50% improvement time (days) 9 16
Clinical improvement (1 point) in WHO score if no death takes later place 65 44 0.0009
 Daily incidence rate (95% CI) 8.0% (6.3% to 10.2%) 4.5% (3.3% to 6.0%)
 25% improvement time (days) 6 7
 50% improvement time (days) 9 16
WHO score at day 7
 2: no hospitalisation 18/84 (21%) 9/86 (11%) <0.0001
 3: hospitalisation, not requiring oxygen 6/84 (7%) 6/86 (7%)
 4: hospitalisation, requiring oxygen 29/84 (35%) 15/86 (17%)
 5: hospitalisation requiring high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation 17/84 (20%) 2/86 (2%)
 6: hospitalisation requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation or both 7/84 (8%) 30/86 (35%)
 7: death 7/84 (8%) 24/86 (28%)
WHO score at day 14
 2: no hospitalisation 48/83 (58%) 21/86 (24%) <0.0001
 3: hospitalisation, not requiring oxygen 6/83 (7%) 4/86 (5%)
 4: hospitalisation, requiring oxygen 10/83 (12%) 7/86 (8%)
 5: hospitalisation requiring high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation 4/83 (5%) 2/86 (2%)
 6: hospitalisation requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation or both 5/83 (6%) 19/86 (22%)
 7: death 10/83 (12%) 33/86 (38%)
Independence from oxygen therapy 61 40 0.0038
 Daily incidence rate (95% CI) 5.9% (4.6% to 7.5%) 3.3% (2.4% to 4.4%)
 25% improvement time (days) 6 10
 50% improvement time (days) 11 19
Duration of mechanical ventilation in survivors (days) 16.3 (11.9) 18.8 (10.2) 0.5809
Duration of hospitalisation in survivors and discharged (days) 10.8 (6.8) 15.9 (12.7) 0.0196

Data are number of cases, n/N (%), incidence rate with 95% CI, number of days or mean (SD), as indicated.

*Calculated with t-test, χ2 or log-rank test, as appropriate.

ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.