Table 3.
Prevalence rates of diabetes among non-Chinese (or not only Chinese) COVID-19 patients
| References | Place | Series | Period | N | Age, years | Diabetes prevalence, n (%) | HR or OR (95% CI), unless otherwise specified | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | More severe | Less severe | |||||||
| Fadini et al. [21] |
Padua (Italy) |
Single-center | Through 19 Mar 2020 | 146 | Mean 63.5 | 13 (8.9) | – | – | |
| ISS [37] | Italy | Registry |
Through 9 Jul 2020 |
3857 (deceased) | Median 82 | 1149 (29.8) | – | – | |
| de Abajo et al. [28] | Madrid (Spain) | 7 hospitals | 1 Mar 2020–24 Mar 2020 |
1139 (cases) 11,390 (controls) |
Mean 69.1 | – |
Cases 310 (27.2) |
Controls 2311 (20.4) |
OR hospital admission 1.50 (1.30–1.73) |
| Holman et al. [38] | UK | Registry | 1 Mar 2020–11 May 2020 |
23,804 (in-hospital deaths) |
Mean 40.9 | Prevalence | Crude mortality rate | adj OR death | |
|
T2 7466 (31.4) T1 365 (1.5) |
T2 260.6 (254.7–266.6) T1 138.3 (124.5–153.3) |
Overall 38.8 (38.3–39.3) |
T2 2.03 (1.97–2.09) T1 3.50 (3.15–3.89) |
||||||
| Argenziano et al. [32] | New York City (NY) | Single-center | 1 Mar 2020–5 Apr 2020 | 1000 | Median 63 | 372 (37.2) |
ICU 101 (42.8) |
ER 39 (26.0) in-hos non-ICU 232 (37.8) |
|
| Cummings et al. [31] | New York City (NY) | 2 hospitals | 2 Mar 2020–1 Apr 2020 | 1150 | median 62 | 92/257 (35.8) | – | – |
HR in-hospital mortality Uni: 1.65 (1.11–2.44) Multi: 1.31 (0.81–2.10) |
| Petrilli et al. [29] | New York City (NY) | Single-center | 1 Mar 2020–8 Apr 2020 | 5279 | Median 54 | 1195 (22.6) |
Admitted 950 (34.7) |
Non-admitted 245 (9.7) |
OR hospital admission Uni: 4.96 (4.26–5.79), p < 0.001 Multi: 2.24 (1.84–2.73), p < 0.001 |
|
Critical 389/990 (39.3) |
Non-critical 561/1739 (32.0) |
||||||||
| Richardson et al. [30] | New York City Area (NY) | 12 hospitals | 1 Mar 2020–4 Apr 2020 | 5700 | Median 63 | 1808 (33.8) |
Death 224 (40.5) |
Survival 533 (25.6) |
All patients: higher likelihood of AKI in D versus ND Died patients: higher likelihood of ICU and mech vent in D versus ND |
| Myers et al. [33] | California | Registry | 1 Mar 2020–31 Mar 2020 | 377 | Median 61 | 118 (31.3) |
ICU 45 (39.8) |
Non-ICU 73 (27.7) |
|
| Garg et al. [34] | 14 US states | Registry | 1 Mar 2020–30 Mar 2020 | 1482 | – | 419 (28.3) | – | – | |
| CDC COVID-19 [36] | US (all) | Registry | 12 Feb 2020 –28 Mar 2020 | 7162 | – | 784 (10.9) |
ICU 148 (32.4) |
Non-hosp 331 (6.4) non-ICU 251 (24.2) |
|
HR hazard ratio, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ISS National Institute of Health of Italy, adj adjusted, T2 type 2 diabetes, T1 type 1 diabetes, ICU intensive care unit, ER emergency room, uni univariable analysis, multi multivariable analysis, D diabetic, ND non-diabetic, NS non-significant