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. 2020 Aug 29;396(10251):623–634. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30930-2

Table 2.

Characteristics of participants who survived for at least 3 days after peak troponin concentration according to invasive or non-invasive management strategy

Invasive management (n=655) Non-invasive management (n=845) Mean difference (95% CI) Odds ratio (95% CI)
Numerical characteristics
Demographic characteristics
Age (years) 85·3 (4·3) 86·9 (4·9) 1·6 (1·2 to 2·1) ..
Haematology and biochemistry results
C-reactive protein (mg/L) 25·2 (45·2) 35·8 (56·2) 10·6 (5·4 to 15·9) ..
Creatinine (μmol/L) 113·7 (85·9) 121·5 (94·9) 7·8 (−1·5 to 17·1) ..
Haemoglobin (g/dL) 12·5 (1·9) 12·1 (1·9) −0·3 (−0·5 to −0·2) ..
Platelet count (109 cells per L) 229·1 (74·9) 236·3 (82·7) 7·1 (−1·0 to 15·2) ..
Potassium (mmol/L) 4·3 (0·6) 4·3 (0·6) 0·1 (−0·0 to 0·1) ..
Sodium (mmol/L) 136·9 (4·2) 137·1 (4·9) 0·2 (−0·2 to 0·7) ..
Troponin (upper limit of normal) 270·2 (510·4) 177·6 (375·7) −93 (−137 to −48) ..
White cell count (109 cells per L) 9·6 (3·5) 10·1 (4·0) 0·5 (0·1 to 0·9) ..
Frailty
Comorbidity domain of Frailty Index score 0·22 (0·09) 0·23 (0·09) 0·01 (0·00 to 0·02) ..
Binary characteristics
Demographic characteristics
Interhospital transfer 73 (11%) 32 (4%) .. 3·19 (2·08 to 4·89)
Male sex 390 (60%) 418 (50%) .. 1·50 (1·22 to 1·85)
Cardiovascular risk factors
Diabetes 172 (26%) 201 (24%) .. 1·14 (0·90 to 1·44)
Family history of ischaemic heart disease 108 (16%) 55 (7%) .. 2·84 (2·01 to 3·99)
Hypercholesterolaemia 275 (42%) 253 (30%) .. 1·69 (1·37 to 2·10)
Hypertension 406 (62%) 456 (54%) .. 1·39 (1·13 to 1·71)
Tobacco use 237 (36%) 152 (18%) .. 2·59 (2·04 to 3·28)
Cardiovascular disease
Abdominal aortic aneurysm 3 (1%) 7 (1%) .. 0·55 (0·14 to 2·14)
Angina 132 (20%) 160 (19%) .. 1·08 (0·84 to 1·40)
Aortic stenosis 34 (5%) 57 (7%) .. 0·76 (0·49 to 1·17)
Atrial fibrillation 105 (16%) 155 (18%) .. 0·85 (0·65 to 1·12)
Cardiogenic shock 6 (1%) 7 (1%) .. 1·11 (0·37 to 3·31)
Cardiac arrest 10 (2%) 13 (2%) .. 0·99 (0·43 to 2·28)
Complete heart block 9 (1%) 14 (2%) .. 0·83 (0·36 to 1·92)
Heart failure 110 (17%) 205 (24%) .. 0·63 (0·49 to 0·82)
Peripheral vascular disease 40 (6%) 46 (5%) .. 1·13 (0·73 to 1·75)
Previous myocardial infarction 498 (76%) 475 (56%) .. 2·47 (1·97 to 3·09)
Supraventricular tachycardia 1 (0·2%) 3 (0·4%) .. 0·43 (0·04 to 4·14)
Ventricular fibrillation 5 (0·8%) 7 (1%) .. 0·92 (0·29 to 2·91)
Ventricular tachycardia 9 (1%) 8 (1%) .. 1·46 (0·56 to 3·80)
Renal disease
Acute renal failure 33 (5%) 74 (9%) .. 0·55 (0·36 to 0·84)
Chronic kidney disease (>stage 2) 48 (7%) 70 (8%) .. 0·88 (0·60 to 1·28)
Urinary tract infection 17 (3%) 60 (7%) .. 0·35 (0·20 to 0·60)
Respiratory disease
Interstitial lung disease 5 (0·8%) 28 (3%) .. 0·22 (0·09 to 0·58)
Obstructive lung disease 84 (13%) 117 (14%) .. 0·92 (0·68 to 1·24)
Other lung disease 65 (10%) 116 (14%) .. 0·69 (0·50 to 0·96)
Pneumonia 35 (5%) 78 (9%) .. 0·56 (0·37 to 0·84)
Pulmonary embolism 3 (0·5%) 2 (0·2%) .. 1·94 (0·32 to 11·6)
Respiratory failure 9 (1%) 25 (3%) .. 0·46 (0·21 to 0·99)
Neurological disease
Ischaemic stroke 6 (0·9%) 17 (2%) .. 0·45 (0·18 to 1·15)
Parkinson's disease 5 (0·8%) 7 (1%) .. 0·92 (0·29 to 2·91)
Subdural haemorrhage 2 (0·3%) 1 (0·1%) .. 2·58 (0·23 to 28·6)
Psychiatric disease
Alcohol misuse 20 (3%) 44 (5%) .. 0·57 (0·33 to 0·98)
Anxiety 4 (0·6%) 15 (2%) .. 0·34 (0·11 to 1·03)
Bipolar disease 1 (0·2%) 4 (0·4%) .. 0·32 (0·04 to 2·88)
Delirium 3 (0·5%) 15 (2%) .. 0·25 (0·07 to 0·88)
Depression 9 (1%) 18 (2%) .. 0·64 (0·29 to 1·43)
Other psychiatric illness 59 (9%) 91 (11%) .. 0·82 (0·58 to 1·16)
Other comorbidities
Arthritis 13 (2%) 37 (4%) .. 0·44 (0·23 to 0·84)
Constipation 14 (2%) 23 (3%) .. 0·78 (0·40 to 1·53)
Fracture 5 (0·8%) 12 (1%) .. 0·53 (0·19 to 1·52)
Gastric ulcer 2 (0·3%) 4 (0·4%) .. 0·64 (0·12 to 3·53)
Haemorrhage 25 (4%) 29 (3%) .. 1·12 (0·65 to 1·93)
Inflammatory disorder 57 (9%) 114 (13%) .. 0·61 (0·44 to 0·86)
Malignancy 43 (7%) 81 (10%) .. 0·66 (0·45 to 0·97)
Metabolic disorder 5 (0·8%) 23 (3%) .. 0·27 (0·10 to 0·73)
Sepsis 6 (0·9%) 22 (3%) .. 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86)
Frailty
Bowel incontinence 11 (2%) 36 (4%) .. 0·38 (0·19 to 0·76)
Dementia 9 (1%) 41 (5%) .. 0·27 (0·13 to 0·57)
History of falls 16 (2%) 63 (7%) .. 0·31 (0·18 to 0·54)
Impaired hearing 6 (0·9%) 22 (3%) .. 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86)
Impaired vision 3 (0·5%) 15 (2%) .. 0·25 (0·07 to 0·88)
Mild cognitive impairment (no dementia) 5 (0·8%) 19 (2%) .. 0·33 (0·12 to 0·90)
Need for assistance at home 57 (9%) 113 (13%) .. 0·62 (0·44 to 0·86)
Need for mobility assistance 41 (6%) 84 (10%) .. 0·60 (0·41 to 0·89)
Need for personal care assistance 6 (0·9%) 22 (3%) .. 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86)
Reduced mobility 9 (1%) 26 (3%) .. 0·44 (0·20 to 0·94)
Speaking difficulty 6 (0·9%) 22 (3%) .. 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86)
Urinary catheterisation 5 (0·8%) 11 (1%) .. 0·58 (0·20 to 1·69)
Urinary incontinence 14 (2%) 18 (2%) .. 1·00 (0·50 to 2·03)
Weight loss 7 (1%) 23 (3%) .. 0·39 (0·16 to 0·91)

All data are mean (SD) for numerical characteristics or n (%) for binary characteristics. Only participants who survived for 3 days after peak troponin concentration were included. Comparisons between groups are unadjusted and are quantified as mean differences for numerical characteristics and odds ratios for binary characteristics.