Table 2.
Characteristics of participants who survived for at least 3 days after peak troponin concentration according to invasive or non-invasive management strategy
| Invasive management (n=655) | Non-invasive management (n=845) | Mean difference (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numerical characteristics | |||||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 85·3 (4·3) | 86·9 (4·9) | 1·6 (1·2 to 2·1) | .. | |
| Haematology and biochemistry results | |||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 25·2 (45·2) | 35·8 (56·2) | 10·6 (5·4 to 15·9) | .. | |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 113·7 (85·9) | 121·5 (94·9) | 7·8 (−1·5 to 17·1) | .. | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12·5 (1·9) | 12·1 (1·9) | −0·3 (−0·5 to −0·2) | .. | |
| Platelet count (109 cells per L) | 229·1 (74·9) | 236·3 (82·7) | 7·1 (−1·0 to 15·2) | .. | |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4·3 (0·6) | 4·3 (0·6) | 0·1 (−0·0 to 0·1) | .. | |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 136·9 (4·2) | 137·1 (4·9) | 0·2 (−0·2 to 0·7) | .. | |
| Troponin (upper limit of normal) | 270·2 (510·4) | 177·6 (375·7) | −93 (−137 to −48) | .. | |
| White cell count (109 cells per L) | 9·6 (3·5) | 10·1 (4·0) | 0·5 (0·1 to 0·9) | .. | |
| Frailty | |||||
| Comorbidity domain of Frailty Index score | 0·22 (0·09) | 0·23 (0·09) | 0·01 (0·00 to 0·02) | .. | |
| Binary characteristics | |||||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Interhospital transfer | 73 (11%) | 32 (4%) | .. | 3·19 (2·08 to 4·89) | |
| Male sex | 390 (60%) | 418 (50%) | .. | 1·50 (1·22 to 1·85) | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Diabetes | 172 (26%) | 201 (24%) | .. | 1·14 (0·90 to 1·44) | |
| Family history of ischaemic heart disease | 108 (16%) | 55 (7%) | .. | 2·84 (2·01 to 3·99) | |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 275 (42%) | 253 (30%) | .. | 1·69 (1·37 to 2·10) | |
| Hypertension | 406 (62%) | 456 (54%) | .. | 1·39 (1·13 to 1·71) | |
| Tobacco use | 237 (36%) | 152 (18%) | .. | 2·59 (2·04 to 3·28) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||||
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 3 (1%) | 7 (1%) | .. | 0·55 (0·14 to 2·14) | |
| Angina | 132 (20%) | 160 (19%) | .. | 1·08 (0·84 to 1·40) | |
| Aortic stenosis | 34 (5%) | 57 (7%) | .. | 0·76 (0·49 to 1·17) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 105 (16%) | 155 (18%) | .. | 0·85 (0·65 to 1·12) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 6 (1%) | 7 (1%) | .. | 1·11 (0·37 to 3·31) | |
| Cardiac arrest | 10 (2%) | 13 (2%) | .. | 0·99 (0·43 to 2·28) | |
| Complete heart block | 9 (1%) | 14 (2%) | .. | 0·83 (0·36 to 1·92) | |
| Heart failure | 110 (17%) | 205 (24%) | .. | 0·63 (0·49 to 0·82) | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 40 (6%) | 46 (5%) | .. | 1·13 (0·73 to 1·75) | |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 498 (76%) | 475 (56%) | .. | 2·47 (1·97 to 3·09) | |
| Supraventricular tachycardia | 1 (0·2%) | 3 (0·4%) | .. | 0·43 (0·04 to 4·14) | |
| Ventricular fibrillation | 5 (0·8%) | 7 (1%) | .. | 0·92 (0·29 to 2·91) | |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 9 (1%) | 8 (1%) | .. | 1·46 (0·56 to 3·80) | |
| Renal disease | |||||
| Acute renal failure | 33 (5%) | 74 (9%) | .. | 0·55 (0·36 to 0·84) | |
| Chronic kidney disease (>stage 2) | 48 (7%) | 70 (8%) | .. | 0·88 (0·60 to 1·28) | |
| Urinary tract infection | 17 (3%) | 60 (7%) | .. | 0·35 (0·20 to 0·60) | |
| Respiratory disease | |||||
| Interstitial lung disease | 5 (0·8%) | 28 (3%) | .. | 0·22 (0·09 to 0·58) | |
| Obstructive lung disease | 84 (13%) | 117 (14%) | .. | 0·92 (0·68 to 1·24) | |
| Other lung disease | 65 (10%) | 116 (14%) | .. | 0·69 (0·50 to 0·96) | |
| Pneumonia | 35 (5%) | 78 (9%) | .. | 0·56 (0·37 to 0·84) | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 3 (0·5%) | 2 (0·2%) | .. | 1·94 (0·32 to 11·6) | |
| Respiratory failure | 9 (1%) | 25 (3%) | .. | 0·46 (0·21 to 0·99) | |
| Neurological disease | |||||
| Ischaemic stroke | 6 (0·9%) | 17 (2%) | .. | 0·45 (0·18 to 1·15) | |
| Parkinson's disease | 5 (0·8%) | 7 (1%) | .. | 0·92 (0·29 to 2·91) | |
| Subdural haemorrhage | 2 (0·3%) | 1 (0·1%) | .. | 2·58 (0·23 to 28·6) | |
| Psychiatric disease | |||||
| Alcohol misuse | 20 (3%) | 44 (5%) | .. | 0·57 (0·33 to 0·98) | |
| Anxiety | 4 (0·6%) | 15 (2%) | .. | 0·34 (0·11 to 1·03) | |
| Bipolar disease | 1 (0·2%) | 4 (0·4%) | .. | 0·32 (0·04 to 2·88) | |
| Delirium | 3 (0·5%) | 15 (2%) | .. | 0·25 (0·07 to 0·88) | |
| Depression | 9 (1%) | 18 (2%) | .. | 0·64 (0·29 to 1·43) | |
| Other psychiatric illness | 59 (9%) | 91 (11%) | .. | 0·82 (0·58 to 1·16) | |
| Other comorbidities | |||||
| Arthritis | 13 (2%) | 37 (4%) | .. | 0·44 (0·23 to 0·84) | |
| Constipation | 14 (2%) | 23 (3%) | .. | 0·78 (0·40 to 1·53) | |
| Fracture | 5 (0·8%) | 12 (1%) | .. | 0·53 (0·19 to 1·52) | |
| Gastric ulcer | 2 (0·3%) | 4 (0·4%) | .. | 0·64 (0·12 to 3·53) | |
| Haemorrhage | 25 (4%) | 29 (3%) | .. | 1·12 (0·65 to 1·93) | |
| Inflammatory disorder | 57 (9%) | 114 (13%) | .. | 0·61 (0·44 to 0·86) | |
| Malignancy | 43 (7%) | 81 (10%) | .. | 0·66 (0·45 to 0·97) | |
| Metabolic disorder | 5 (0·8%) | 23 (3%) | .. | 0·27 (0·10 to 0·73) | |
| Sepsis | 6 (0·9%) | 22 (3%) | .. | 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86) | |
| Frailty | |||||
| Bowel incontinence | 11 (2%) | 36 (4%) | .. | 0·38 (0·19 to 0·76) | |
| Dementia | 9 (1%) | 41 (5%) | .. | 0·27 (0·13 to 0·57) | |
| History of falls | 16 (2%) | 63 (7%) | .. | 0·31 (0·18 to 0·54) | |
| Impaired hearing | 6 (0·9%) | 22 (3%) | .. | 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86) | |
| Impaired vision | 3 (0·5%) | 15 (2%) | .. | 0·25 (0·07 to 0·88) | |
| Mild cognitive impairment (no dementia) | 5 (0·8%) | 19 (2%) | .. | 0·33 (0·12 to 0·90) | |
| Need for assistance at home | 57 (9%) | 113 (13%) | .. | 0·62 (0·44 to 0·86) | |
| Need for mobility assistance | 41 (6%) | 84 (10%) | .. | 0·60 (0·41 to 0·89) | |
| Need for personal care assistance | 6 (0·9%) | 22 (3%) | .. | 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86) | |
| Reduced mobility | 9 (1%) | 26 (3%) | .. | 0·44 (0·20 to 0·94) | |
| Speaking difficulty | 6 (0·9%) | 22 (3%) | .. | 0·35 (0·14 to 0·86) | |
| Urinary catheterisation | 5 (0·8%) | 11 (1%) | .. | 0·58 (0·20 to 1·69) | |
| Urinary incontinence | 14 (2%) | 18 (2%) | .. | 1·00 (0·50 to 2·03) | |
| Weight loss | 7 (1%) | 23 (3%) | .. | 0·39 (0·16 to 0·91) | |
All data are mean (SD) for numerical characteristics or n (%) for binary characteristics. Only participants who survived for 3 days after peak troponin concentration were included. Comparisons between groups are unadjusted and are quantified as mean differences for numerical characteristics and odds ratios for binary characteristics.